Edward Said s Critique Of Orientalism Essay - 1777 Words

SHORT ANSWERS What are the key features of Edward Said s critique of Orientalism? Said’s critique of Orientalism is based upon the way Western scholars in the 19th and 20th century represented the East as inferior and as the ‘other’. He believes their views are based upon imperialism and a clash of cultures. Firstly imperialism, as Western countries were the invading forces that conquered the East. He says through this lens all art, writing and any other depiction of Islamic societies at the time was framed within the context of an occupying force which had no permission to be there or to study the way in which people lived. Therefore, Islamic societies were portrayed as backwards, exotic, dangerous and uncivilised. The West was to help them to become civilised through their rule. He also critiques orientalism as Muslims are portrayed as the ‘other’ — the antithesis to Western culture. Said criticised Orientalists for believing Islam is the single differentiating factor between the East and the West. For Said, Orientalists o nly focus on Islam, ignoring every other facet of society because they are too obsessed with the notion there is a complete dichotomy between the East and West — that there is a clash of cultures and they are too different to coexist. He believes this way of looking at Islamic societies doesn’t capture their essence, but is only good when it comes to understand how the West views the East. What is Islamophobia and where doesShow MoreRelatedEdward Saids Theory Of Orientalism1561 Words   |  7 Pagestheory of Orientalism was made popular by Edward Said in his 1978 work ‘Orientalism: Western Concepts of the Orient’. This essay will examine an Orientalist approach to specific countries’ people and religions. For the purpose of this essay I will focus on Orientalism in relation to the religion of Islam and the country of Thailand. In addition to this, also discussed will be the criticisms and successive philosophical challenges to Orientalism. First it is important to define Said’s Orientalism itselfRead MoreMansfield Park; Empire Orientalism from Edward Said Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesSummarise Edward Said’s argument in his essay ‘Jane Austen and Empire’ and then show whether you support or refute it. Edward Said’s analysis of Jane Austen’s narrative in her 3rd novel ‘Mansfield Park’ (1814) is based on his own studies of ‘orientalism’. This term is defined by Said as a variety of false assumptions /depictions of Eastern people within Western attitudes. This is achieved, he argues, through the literary discourse provided by post-enlightenment, post-colonial American/EuropeanRead MoreSoyinka s Ngugi Wa Thiong O : An Anthology Of Recent Criticism1752 Words   |  8 PagesIn his memoir, Out of Place (1999), Edward Said notes that, ‘Each of the places I lived in—Jerusalem, Cairo, Lebanon, the United States—has a complicated, dense web of valences that was very much a part of growing up, gaining an identity, forming my consciousness of myself and of others’ (13-14). Incidentally, post-spatiality differs significantly from the Kantian theorization of space as something crystallised into the fabrics of temporality. In hi s Critique of Pure Reason (1781) Kant has privilegedRead MorePacific Geopolitics During The 21st Century1788 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Review Critically discuss Edward Said’s key points/arguments (from Orientalism) and the extent to which these are relevant to the Pacific. Hayley Catlow Introduction Orientalism tries to answer the question of why, when we think of the Orient, we have a preconceived notion of what kind of people live there, what they believe, and how they act; even when we may have never been there or met anyone from there. Said argues that the way we acquire this knowledgeRead MoreThe European Fever Of Colonial Aspiration1492 Words   |  6 PagesEmpires such as ‘Pax Romana, Pax Britanica, Pax Hispanica, Pax Mongolica, and so forth. The foundations of these Empires are written by people who live in the imperial countries. In his book, The History of the Decline and Fall of Roman Empire (2000), Edward Gibbon manifests that: ‘The obedience of the Roman world was uniform voluntary and permanent [....] The vast Roman Empire was governed by absolute power under the guidance of virtue and wisdom’ (Gibbon, 2000: 30). The assumption of the Empires’ goodRead More Human Trafficking and the International Sex Industry Essay3304 Words   |  14 P agesprostitution to pay off their smuggling debts (Kwong, 2001). Many governments have long promoted s ex tourism as a way of generating revenue. Migration for commercial sex work rose significantly in the 1960s and 1970s, with the establishment of U.S military bases in Thailand and neighboring countries (Skrobanek, Boonpakdee, Jantaeero, 1998). As the U. S military bases extended into Asia in the 1960 ’s women from poor families were encouraged to prostitute themselves for a source of income to supportRead More Outside the Teaching Machine by Gayatri Spivak2753 Words   |  11 PagesIt is hardly debatable that Edward W. Said’s Orientalism (1978) has been the foundational text of what has come to be known as postcolonial studies. In the book, Said charts the Western world’s construction(s) of â€Å"an inferior East† by underscoring how the authorizing/ authoritative â€Å"Occident† continues to produce an objectified and negatively stereotyped â€Å"Orient;† Drawing on Foucault’s concept of â€Å"discourse† and Gramsci’s notion of â€Å"hegemony,† Said traces the evolution of European power/ knowledgeRead MoreThe Origins of Occidentalism2305 Words   |  10 PagesTo answer the question posed it necessary to first consider the development of, and what constitutes the West. Once this is achie ved, we are than able to discuss occidentalism. However, the concept of orientalism, and what constitutes the orient, will first be considered as, arguably, orientalism provoked occidentalism. Thereafter, the four key features of occidentalism, identified by Buruma and Margalit (2004) will be discussed. Contemporary notions of ociddentalism, more specifically IslamicRead MoreHow Race And Power Can Take Shape Into Different Forms3222 Words   |  13 Pageswhether that’s through converting their faith as shown in Columbus’s journal, or educating them in Western values as demonstrated in Kipling’s poem. This is touched upon in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness in which the narrator, Marlow, heavily critiques how colonisers justify their actions. He suggests that the ‘idea’ behind it, that it is somehow a noble thing to do, helps to redeem them. For example, Europeans justified the colonisation of Africa by claiming that as well as bringing wealth toRead MoreAnalysis Of Marlow s Heart Of Darkness Essay2381 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"And this also, said Marlow suddenly, ``has been one of the dark places of the Earth. (Conrad) Are the first words spoken aloud by Marlow in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Marlow goes on the say that he was thinking about the Roman conquerors who came to England 1900 years ago. This comparison that Marlow divulges into in the beginnings of his story frames this story and what it intends to cover in its subject matter. Marlow begins here his only overt characterization of imperialism.

How Jim s Self Concept Impacted His Interaction With His...

Jim’s see himself as not ever going to get A’s this can be from low self-esteem. He does not have faith in himself that he could do it with the right amount of help and studying. He also self-doubts his ability to do better, he believes his parent’s expectations are unrealistic due to not having faith in himself. Jim has himself so convinced that no matter how much he studies it won’t ever be enough, this could be due to his father. â€Å"People elevate our self-concept when they admire our strengths and accomplishments and accept our weaknesses and problems without discounting us† (Wood, 2012, pg 43). 2. Explain, using examples from the video and course concepts, how Jim’s self-concept impacted his interaction with his father. Was it positive or negative? I would say negative do to the fact that that he is not standing up for himself and explaining himself, nor is he asking for help. He thinks so highly of his dad and so low of himself he can’t seem to stand up to his father. Jim thinks his dad had it easy but in school but if he would have a real conversation with his father about school, he might see his Dad had these same issues. His perception of his father is wrong by believing he had is so easy in school, that his just cruised through his college due to being a brilliant person (Wood, 2012). When Jim is around his father he tends to feel down about himself. â€Å"When we’re around people who put us down, we’re more aware our weakness and less confident of what we canShow MoreRelatedTeacher Action Research Paper on Reading Deficiencies in 2nd Grad e Students12146 Words   |  49 Pages Evidence was collected and documented through the use of a student survey, a parent survey, a teacher survey, and running records. The purpose of the student survey was to gain insight on the students’ perceptions of the importance of reading and how well they understood what they read. The purpose of the parent survey was to gain insight on the parents’ perceptions of their family’s reading habits at home The purpose of the teacher survey was to gain insight regarding other teachers’ perceptionsRead Moretruett cathy8608 Words   |  35 PagesAmerican National Business Hall of Fame, ANBHF S. Truett Cathy S. Truett Cathy Chick-Fil-A Home Laureates THE CHICK-FIL-A-STORY Fellows Journal Research Program Education Program Selection Program Museum About Contact Slide Shows Board Members Business Ethics and Social Responsibility by Dr. Richard E. Hattwick Professor of Economics (Retired) Western Illinois University Truett Cathys career story belongs in a collection of biographies labeled Christian Business LeadersRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesContemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. Leadership is a Process, Not a Position 51 51 70 1. Leadership is Everyone’s Business 2. Interaction between the Leader, the Followers the Situation Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 11. Leadership: Exerting Influence and Power 94 94 Text Palmer−Dunford−Akin †¢ Managing Organizational Change 2. Images of ManagingRead MoreDubais Political and Economic Development: Essay38738 Words   |  155 Pagesexpatriate group and make up $4.5 percent of the private sector according to official statistic^.^ ~ o sof these people perform menial jobs in the service and t construction industriese3Expatriate Arabs form another 9.4 percent of the citys s.~ workforce and the remaining 1.9 percent are ~ u r o ~ e a nThe reason that so many foreign workers have flocked to Dubai is quite simple - to make money. Although lowpaying jobs hammering steel and cleaning floors may not sound very appealing, theyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesyou will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writingRead MoreCOMM292 Case Studies23202 Words   |  93 Pages............................ ...............23 2. TEAMWORK TURMOIL Tony Marshall, a second-year learning team mentor, stared at his notes again. His interaction with the team last night confirmed what he suspected. Only three weeks into the first year of an MBA program at a big-name school in the eastern United States, the learning team was in trouble. From his own experience the year before, Marshall knew that a first-rate learning team made a huge difference in a student’s first-year experienceRead Moreeconomic15014 Words   |  61 PagesMaking: SunWest Foods Improved Bottom Line References Learning Outcomes â‘   Describe various types of functional systems and how they support managers and workers at the operational level. â‘ ¡ Define how manufacturing, production, and transportation information systems enable organizational processes and support supply chain operations and logistics. â‘ ¢ Explain how sales and marketing information systems support advertising, market research, intelligence gatheringRead More25 Case Studies with Reaction Paper15531 Words   |  63 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 CASE 6: MILANO’S PIZZA †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 CASE 7: PLOWING THE SOUTH FORTY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....16 CASE 8: FUNCTIONING UNDER FEMALE CHIEF EXECUTIVE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..19 CASE 9: EMPLOYEES REACT TO PAY CUTS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...21 CASE 10: HOW TO MANAGE A LIBRARY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...22 CASE 11: VIVEK HAS COMMUNICATION PROBLEM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..25 CASE 12: GE’S WORK-OUT †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..25 CASE 13: MR. ALOK BANARJEE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..27 CASE 14: MR. VICE CHANCELLOR NEEDS LEARNING THROUGHRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesin marketing Page No. Marketing management – an introduction Unit structure: 1. Introduction 2. Learning Objectives 3. Marketing Management 3.1. Evolution of marketing management 3.2. The Role of Marketing 3.3. Marketing concepts 3.4. The Marketing Mix (The 4 P s Of Marketing) 3.5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the MarketingRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesusers, I hope the book will meet your full expectations and be an effective instructional tool. Although case books abound, you and your students may find this somewhat unique and very readable, a book that can help transform dry and rather remote concepts into practical reality, and lead to lively class discussions, and even debates. In the gentle environment of the classroom, students can hone their analytical skills and also their persuasive skills—not selling products but selling their ideas—and

Documentaries Essay Research Paper In the final free essay sample

Documentaries Essay, Research Paper In the concluding old ages of the 20th century, rare is the docudrama that attracts mass audiences or attending. At a clip when people get to declare their desire for amusement in a battalion of media, the destiny of the non-fiction movie that attempts to state a true narrative is non a happy 1. But there are docudramas that win at the box office and even achieve position as popular menu, largely either by appealing to a specialised audience of sufficient size, or taking a point of position that mass audiences can associate to comfortably and easy. A brilliant illustration of the former is The Sorrow and the Pity ( 1970 ) , Marcel Ophuls 4? -hour history of life in France during World War II under the Nazi and collaborator governments, which non merely became a major international hit, but was so familiar to filmgoers that Woody Allen was able to utilize it as a familiar mention point in his most successful image, Annie Hall ( The Sorrow And The Pity is the film that Allen s Alvy an d Diane Keaton s Annie are be aftering on seeing ) . The best recent illustration of the latter is Michael Moore s 1987 hit Roger A ; Me, a movie picturing Moore s attempts to face General Motors president Roger Smith about the policies that led to the loss of 40,000 occupations in Flint, Michigan. The docudrama has its roots in the film-going wonts of the early 20th century, when audiences were willing to look at about any decently made ( and frequently not-so-decently-made ) ocular stuff in film theatres. In the yearss before telecasting, theatres were expected to demo non merely characteristic movies, but a broad scope of recreations for their frequenters, sometimes including unrecorded amusement every bit good as films. During the 1890s, the huge bulk of movies shown in theatres were of a non-fiction nature, covering existent events. By the beginning of the 20th century, manufacturers had begun showing short films picturing or re-creating events, basically fragmental newsreels, and occasional longer movies covering with famed eve nts, particularly recent calamities. The most noteworthy of these movies in America was D.W. Griffith s 1914 Life of Villa, which assorted footage of existent events and dramatic Reconstructions to state the narrative of the famed Mexican Rebel leader Pancho Villa. World War I was the first war in which motion-picture cameras were available to capture events and for which a film audience existed # 8212 ; the film industries of most of the combatant states produced propaganda movies warranting their several functions in the struggle. Actual footage shooting in France during the contending managed to do its manner into D.W. Griffith s play Hearts Of the World ( 1918 ) , but the film itself was a fictional play covering with endurance in a Gallic small town under German business. By the terminal of the teens, every major studio had a newsreel unit that specialized in capturing intelligence events on movie and forging the stuff into five-minute digests for distribution to theatres. The documental # 8212 ; the word derives from the Gallic term documentaire, mentioning to go movies # 8212 ; as we know it began in 1922 with manager Robert Flaherty s Nanook of the North, which told the narrative of an Eskimo s endurance. Although it was subsequently revealed that some of the stuff was manipulated by Flaherty, the dramatic power of this true narrative was undeniable, and the movie was widely seen and honored. Other major docudramas of the 1920s included Grass ( 1925 ) , by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack ( later responsible together for King Kong and The Most Dangerous Game ) and Chang ( 1927 ) , and Flaherty s Moana ( 1926 ) . In Russia, nevertheless, the documental to the full came into its ain, highlighted by such plants as Sergei Eisenstein s October/Ten Days That Shook The World ( 1928 ) . The 1930s saw the coming of docudramas with political intents and specific dockets in the United States and England. Apart from the newsreel industry, which by so h ad crews working in apparently every corner of the Earth ( the 1938 Clark Gable action/comedy Too Hot To Handle gives a good representation of what the concern was like ) , both the American and British authoritiess sponsored films intended to convey of import societal issues place to audiences. England created the General Post Office ( or GPO ) Film Unit as a agency for bring forthing non-fiction movies such as BBC # 8211 ; The Voice of Britain ( 1935 ) and Night Mail ( 1936 ) , which were among the most famed docudramas of the decennary. In America, Pare Lorentz s The Plow That Broke The Plains ( 1936 ) dramatized the crisis confronting husbandmans from dirt preservation, and The River ( 1937 ) dealt with eroding in the Mississippi River basin. Flaherty worked in England, where, in add-on to doing docudramas such as Industrial Britain ( 1932 ) , he was hired by Alexander Korda s London Films to hit a film in India # 8212 ; this stuff was taken by Korda and reshaped into the dram atic movie Elephant Boy ( 1937 ) , which was a major hit and made a star out of a immature histrion named Sabu. Possibly the most famed and controversial docudramas of the period, nevertheless, came from Germany during the Nazi government and from the work of Leni Riefenstahl, an ex-dancer who turned to directing in 1932. Riefenstahl was responsible for Triumph of the Will ( 1935 ) , a documental picturing a 1934 Nazi mass meeting in Nuremburg, and Olympiad ( 1936 ) , a dramatic passage of the 1936 Berlin Olympics. The coming of World War II saw an detonation of involvement in docudramas in America and England. The American part came from the military, in the pretense of movies such as the Why We Fight series. Made under the supervising of manager Frank Capra for the intent of indoctrinating freshly drafted military personnels over the demand for their engagement in the war, these films proved so effectual, that they were finally made available to the populace at big and explained m any facets of the history taking up to the war, the involvements of the different states involved, and the countries of concern that they shared with the United States. The British gov ernment began making documentaries within 30 days of the declaration of war, dealing with just about every permutation of the war, from Englands readiness for war (The Lion Has Wings, 1939) to the need for secrecy (Next of Kin) and morale boosters intended for domestic and overseas audiences such as London Can Take It and Diary For Timothy. In England, many new directors, including Carol Reed, showed their potential in the making of wartime documentaries (although established filmmakers like Alfred Hitchcock also made films supporting the war effort), while in America, it was old veterans such as John Ford (The Battle of Midway, 1942), John Huston (Report From The Aleutians, 1943), and William Wyler (The Memphis Belle, 1944 — which later became the basis for the dramatic film of the same name from 1990) who distinguished themselves. And some of their work, such as John Hustons Let There Be Light 1945), depicting the recovery of combat fatigue victims, was considered too stro ng for viewing by the general public at the time and was not seen for several decades afterward. The end of World War II brought an end to massive government investment in documentary production and coincided with a general withdrawal of activity in non-fiction film work as many of the studio newsreel units found their budgets cut back. The growth of local and network television news during the 1950s and early 1960s wiped out the domestic audience for newsreels, although private industry occasionally sponsored documentary features, such as Standard Oils backing of Flahertys The Louisiana Story (1948). The advent of the so-called Atomic Age, and the publics unfamiliarity with nuclear weapons and nuclear power fostered the making of numerous films meant to reassure them about the former and sell them on the latter. Many of the most over-the-top examples of these films were assembled by directors Kevin Rafferty, Jayne Loader, and Pierce Rafferty into a documentary of their own entitled The Atomic Cafe (1982), which had ferociously political fun at the expense of the originals lies and half-truths about the hazards of atomic warfare and the ways of surviving nuclear attack — The Atomic Cafe became a major box-office hit and was heavily distributed in theaters, on television, and on home video. By the end of the 1950s and the beginning of the 1960s, television had become the source of most documentary activity. The CBS News production Harvest of Shame (1959), depicting the plight of migrant workers in America, became the model for network activity in this area, and the years that followed, with the advent of the Vietnam War and the so-called war on poverty, generated television specials dealing with American actions overseas and poverty within our own borders. War has always been an especially compelling subject for documentaries, beginning with the World War II Navy celebration/tribute series Victory At Sea during the 1950s and continuing through such progr amming as CBSs World War I, narrated by Robert Ryan, up through Thames Televisions The World At War (probably the best World War II documentary series there is), narrated by Laurence Olivier, and American Public Televisions 1980s series Vietnam: A Television History. The latter also proved extremely controversial, as various political figures on the right demanded (and were ultimately granted) equal time to respond to what they perceived as the programs left-wing, anti-American slant. In theaters, however, the documentary virtually disappeared, apart from exceptions such as Marcel Ophuls The Sorrow And The Pity, which, despite its four-hour-plus running time, became a major hit around the world. Audiences no longer looked to the theatrical film experience as one that was supposed to educate as well as entertain; to reach modern filmgoers, documentary filmmakers discovered that they had to do both. The Rafferty/Loader/Rafferty film The Atomic Cafe did so, using gallows humor and poli tics as a hook that drew millions of people to it. At the other end of the decade, Michael Moore created an even larger splash with his delightfully deadpan, devastating Roger Me, which skewered General Motors and chairman Roger Smith, as well as numerous other targets and by-standers. Moores technique, apart from an unflappable demeanor even in the most ridiculous situations with the camera rolling, seems mostly to involve letting the camera roll, and permitting people to speak their minds and, often as not, make fools of themselves, all with the purpose of questioning the way the public and the conventional media present information and stories. When Moores movie was nominated for an Oscar, however, controversy erupted from the ranks of more traditional documentary filmmakers, who questioned whether the movie was really a documentary or, in fact, a comedy using documentary techniques. Additionally, some political pundits on the Right cited the nomination of Roger Me as evidence of Hollywoods anti-business attitude. They questioned whether a movie that takes a specific political point-of-view should be judged as a documentary. Actually, the picture was just damned funny and raised real questions about the motivations of General Motors, Smith, and the various players in the farce surrounding Flint, Michigans decline. Their criticism ignored the fact that virtually every feature-length documentary from the 1930s and 1940s that is still remembered today took its sponsors point-of-view, whether it was teaching farmers about soil conservation for the government, justifying our entry into World War II on the side of the British and the Soviet Union, or presenting Standard Oil as an enlightened steward of the land in The Louisiana Story. Moore — an iconoclastic filmmaker with a background that indicates a keen appreciation for making waves, including a stint writing for Mother Jones magazine — didnt seem to suffer from the controversy, however, and h as since been given access to prime-time on the NBC network, as well as other film opportunities.

Supply Chain Management in the Fashion Industry

Introduction A supply chain is a network that demands from all parties that are involved to satisfy the customer’s request. As a rule, every single stakeholder, starting from suppliers and product developers up to warehouses, investors and customers, is taken into account when developing a supply chain network for a particular company.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Management in the Fashion Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Traditionally, a supply chain is supposed to function as the tool for new products and services development and promotion, production process improvement, supervision and operation, customer service facilitation, marketing development, financial strategies creation and supply processes improvement. This paper focuses on Louis Vuitton and attempts to cover three critical business factors. This paper is also aimed at mapping out Louis Vuitton’s supply chain, at identifying and making recommendations for addressing the most significant problems in the management of Louis Vuitton supply chain, and calculating the losses that the company incurs due to unsold products and from sold-outs, and defining the net gains that the company can expect from adopting air freight for the shipping of all its products. Mapping the Supply Chain of the Company. Product Flows and Lead Time Mapping the supply chain is significant in a number of ways. It aids the company in clarifying to its employees their specific responsibilities. Supply chain mapping makes it clear that performance received from the completion of tasks does not depend on an individual. It also helps to create a baseline that the company can use as a means to measure the effects of any new enhancement effort (Lichocik Sadowski 2013, p. 10). The company’s supply chain structure comprises of manufacturing, logistics, distribution, and marketing, sponsoring and communication. Manufact uring Louis Vuitton has split its business into four key product lines: leather goods, shoes, designer clothes and accessories. Leather goods include mainly bags and luggage, the majority of which were not made primarily using leather. Leather goods are at the core of the company business. The shoe designs produced by the company are vastly seasonal, and most of the shoe models had to be redesigned frequently, in some cases almost twice a year. The model clothes produced by the company come in two collections annually. One collection is specifically designed for the winter, and the other one is for the summer. The company is highly diversified and ventures into the production of accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, eyeglasses and writing accessories.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The accessories produced, though admittedly versatile, have a very short lifecycle . Out of its 17 factories, Louis Vuitton uses 7 of its factories to manufacture leather goods. Five of these factories are located in France. The other two are in the United States and Spain (Moatti, Dussage 2007, p. 50). Logistics A single Louis Vuitton warehouse located in Cergy-Pontoise, France is the centralized logistics base for all the plants. All the goods manufactured in the company’s plants, in Europe, are forwarded to this logistics center. These products remain in Cergy-Pontoise for about a month. This logistics center takes care of all the organization management and flow of inventory. It also handles damaged, faulty, out-of-fashion and unsold products. Louis Vuitton relies on a restricted number of highly specialized suppliers for most of their raw materials. They are mainly based in France, and few of them are from neighboring European countries. The key raw materials are leather and canvas. The time needed to deliver the raw materials varies from 6 to 8 weeks depending on the distance to be covered. The company avoids delays caused by long transportations by maintaining a 2  ½ month supply inventory of raw material. Most of the manufacturing is retained in France because of the label â€Å"made in France,† which is thought to be considered as very valuable by some customers, especially those who reside in Asia. The factory in the US caters for the domestic market (Moatti, Dussage 2007, p. 52). However; most of the Louis Vuitton products sold in the US are still imported. The company occasionally outsources when capacity is exceedingly tight. Distribution In the supply chain, the stores owned by Louis Vuitton control the largest share of the company’s sales. These stores have all the major product categories. Although their products can be found in all over the globe, most of the company owned retail stores are located in Europe, US and Japan. The total number of Louis Vuitton outlets grew from 240 in 1998 to 340 in 2005 . The company also leases specific sections to departmental stores. The company has been expanding its retail network to new geographical locations. In 2004, it opened stores in Russia and India, and launched a 900 square meter Louis Vuitton store in Tokyo.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Management in the Fashion Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 2004, it expanded to Africa and opened a new store in South Africa. This was closely trailed by the addition of new stores in China and Japan. Subsequently, the following year, in 2005, the company launched new stores in Las Vegas, Hong Kong, Okinawa and Beijing and expanded its leading store in Paris to 1,600 square meters (Karen 2014, p. 30). On a monthly basis, all the store managers come up with an estimation of the replenishment requirements and place orders with the company’s chief logistics center. The orders are then recorded and processed, and the availability of the requested products and accessories is checked. After confirmation, shipping is organized. Traditionally, all the shipping requirements used to be carried out using boats. Recently, the company has started to resort to using airfreight in an attempt to speed up delivery (Moatti, Dussage, 2007). Marketing, sponsoring and communication Since Louis Vuitton deals with luxury goods, the company requires significant investment in their marketing, media coverage and sponsorship. In 2005, the company increased the marketing budget by 20%. Overall, the expense incurred from advertising accounted for only 5% of the sales. 70% of the adverting was spent on image enhancement. S marketing strategies that went on advertisements featured celebrities as the brand managers. The company was also involved in sponsoring prestigious events as a part of their advisement campaign. The remaining percentage of the advertisement capital was directed towards supporting t he introduction of new Louis Vuitton products into the market. This was vital for the firm, especially in the promotion of new seasonal products that need vigorous marketing in order to maximize sales during the first months following their introduction to the market. Louis Vuitton has also invested heavily in fighting illegal imitation of its products (Moatti, Dussage 2007, p. 60). The Most Important Problems in the Supply Chain Management Problems There are various significant problems that plague the management of the company. The first and the most important issue is the delay in the supply of the key raw material, i.e., leather. It takes about 6-8 weeks before major supplies can be delivered. This means that the company has to maintain an inventory of 2  ½ months of raw material (Moatti, Dussage, 2007).This is a significant problem since the company incurs extra cost in maintaining and storing such vast amounts of inventory for long periods. On various occasions, the availabi lity of the products was down. This is at times good news if it is a direct reflection of the successful nature of the products. However, when the company is not able to fulfill demands in the market, it runs the risk of incurring losses and losing its customers to fellow competitors. This is especially problematic when dealing with a specific product that is on very high demand compared to the other products on sale.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This problem trickles back to the logistic department and manufacturing. The tight demand becomes difficult to fulfill as the plants are not able to respond adequately (Michael Burke talks The Louis Vuitton ‘Experience’ 2013, p. 10). Subsequently, there is curtailing of other products in the manufacturing line. This problem is also related to the company’s stores. Since most of the stores have a limited storage and shelf space, placing large orders for a specific product leads to the displacement of other products. Over the years, the cost of shipping has risen sharply. The rise in the cost of shipping has also been enhanced by out-of-stock problems. When the stocks levels are critically low at a particular store, the goods have to be transported to various locations as an emergency response. This increases the cost of shipping since airfreight charges are high compared to the traditional boat shipping that Louis Vuitton uses. The cost of storage has also risen s harply, because inventories tend to grow in specific retail outlets, exceeding the amount of storage space originally designated for a certain product. Recommendations In order to counter the extra cost incurred due to additional charges in the storage, various retail consultants recommend that Louis Vuitton stores should convert some of their existing storage space into additional shopping area. This will make better use of the available overall store space. This is an effective strategy as it is projected to allow for about 3% increase in sales, keep up with the demand and keep the store’s surface regularly stocked (Ghosh Varshney 2013, p. 20). When it comes to defining the further course of actions or the company, one must keep in mind, though, that the demand forecast, which a number of specialists suggest as the first logical step for the company to undertake, may trigger even more deplorable outcomes. Indeed, seeing how the company is suffering impressive challenges at present, making a mistake in the demand forecast and, therefore, coming up with the product design that the customers may consider pointless is lethal for Louis Vuitton. Hence, it would be much more reasonable to utilize the method of a sticker shock. The anticipation of the company’s opening new shops and introducing its new brand, which it has been working on over the past few years, will become even tenser and, therefore, attract even more customers (Radà ³n 2012, p. 107). Louis Vuitton can use the concept of exclusivity as the method of selling its new collection for a higher price (Radà ³n 2012, p. 108). It would be wrong to claim that the strategy described above is going to be a doubtless success for the company; quite on the contrary, such a decision as raising prices in order to stir the public’s excitement and, therefore, gain more weight in the customers’ eyes is extremely risky. However, the effects that the chosen method will have once it is succ essfully implemented are far too impressive to discard this strategy. Taking both external and internal factors into account, the company may succeed in getting its clients excited and ready to pay more. Counting the Losses and Choosing the Transportation Source Losses incurred due to sold-outs and unsold product deals a major blow to the company. Louis Vuitton does not organize any sales or price promotions geared to sell off any of its unsold articles. Sometimes, the staff at LVMH is offered the items at 70% below their list price (LVMH Moet Hennessy 2013, para. 1). On average, it is estimated that about 2% of all the fashion-related items produced by Louis Vuitton as short-cycled products are disposed of each year (Fashion Scoops 2013, p. 13). This portrays a negative image to the company that prides itself in manufacturing high-end and high quality products. It leads to waste of resources and leads to losses. It is also estimated that, typically, out of every 100 customers that intend to make purchases in any of the Louis Vuitton store, 8 of the individuals found the item they wanted was sold out. Out of these 8 individuals, 10 % ended up purchasing a different item from the store immediately. 20% of the disappointed individuals put off their purchases and came back at a later date. The rest either turned to other brands or settled for a totally different gift. Reference List Fashion Scoops 2013, WWD: Women’s Wear Daily, vol. 206, no. 38, pp. 6-1. Ghosh, A, Varshney, S 2013, Luxury goods consumption: a conceptual framework based on literature review. South Asian Journal of Management, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 146-159. Karen, D 2014, ‘New age of luxury at Louis Vuitton,’ Evening Standard, March 5, p. 3. Lichocik, G, Sadowski, A 2013, ‘Efficiency of supply chain management. Strategic and operational approach,’ Logforum, vol. 9 no. 2, pp. 119-125 LVMH Moet Hennessy 2013, LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton SA SWOT analysis, pp. 1â⠂¬â€œ8, https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/1816395/lvmh_moet_hennessy_louis_vuitton_se_mc. Michael Burke talks The Louis Vuitton ‘Experience’. (2013). WWD: Women’s Wear  Daily, vol. 205 no. 83, pp. 3-1. Moatti, P V Dussage, P 2007, Louis Vuitton: new product introductions vs. product availability, European School of Management, Paris, France. Radà ³n, A 2012, ‘Luxury brand exclusivity strategies – an illustration of a cultural collaboration,’ Journal of Business Administration Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 106–110. This report on Supply Chain Management in the Fashion Industry was written and submitted by user Dangelo Ryan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog Digital Lending IsHere!

Digital Lending IsHere! For me, books are like crack. I will seriously consider buying less food if there is a new title out that I want to read.   And having a Kindle makes it all too easy to have instant gratification. At first I thought I was safe. After all, Kindle allows you to sample any book you are thinking about purchasing before actually doing so. I typically do opt for the free portion before buying, but rarely do I not click Download Now. In under a minute, I have added another digital notch to my bookshelf. However, roughly a third of the time I select a title, I have some buyers remorse. And as many Kindle owners know, those regrets can add up financially. Thats why I was pleased to learn that Kindle has added library lending to its services. Just like a title you purchase, your library selections allow you to annotate, highlight, and use bookmarks. If you choose to buy it or check it out again, those notes will still be there. Right now, 11,000 libraries around the country are participating in digital lending. Here  is how it works: Visit the website of a U.S. library that offers digital services from OverDrive. Check out a Kindle book (using a valid library card). Click on Get for Kindle and then sign in to your Amazon.com account to have the book delivered to your Kindle device or reading app. Your book can be delivered to your device either directly or via USB. Happy (free!) reading!!!

7 HUGE signs you aced your interview

7 HUGE signs you aced your interview Sometimes it’s all too apparent when a job interview hasn’t gone well- maybe there’s a cringeworthy statement you wish you could take back, or an icy glance from an interviewer who doesn’t seem to find your small talk very charming. But what differentiates an okay job interview from one you’ve just rocked? Here are some key signals that you’ve had a great interview. 1. The interviewer has positive body languageInterviewers are professionals (ideally!), but they’re also human. Sometimes the earliest indicator that things are going well is the immediate physical feedback you get. Is the person engaged in the conversation, or is she just asking rote questions? Are you getting a lot of positive affirmation, like nods and smiles or verbal agreement? This isn’t a foolproof way to gauge your progress (hey, some people are just very friendly), but it’s a great first clue.2. The interviewer asks you about your interest in the jobIf the interviewer asks you point blank if you’d be interested in the job, it’s not quite a job offer, but it’s a very positive sign. It may mean the person thinks that you’re a good candidate and they want to test out whether you’re serious about it before moving you to the next step. If the interviewer asks you about where else you’re interviewing, that’s also a good sign. If they weren’t interested in you, they probably wouldn’t be trying to gauge the competition or scoping out whether you’re likely to accept a potential job offer.3. You set up a second interview on the spotThe signs don’t get much clearer than this one. If they actively invite you back for another round of interviews, you’re in very good shape. But don’t forget that while a second interview is a great omen, it still means another round of prep. Aft er all, there could be other candidates coming back for a second interview as well, so it’s important not to go into the next interview thinking you have a job offer on the table just yet.4. You get a personal tourIf your interviewer brings you around the office to show you the space and introduce you to people, or calls people in to meet you, it shows they’re already thinking of you as a potential member of the team.5. The interview goes longA short interview isn’t necessarily a dealbreaker, but if your interview goes longer than the allotted time it likely means that the interviewer is interested enough to have a meaningful, in-depth conversation about the position and your qualifications for it. Particularly if you’re meeting with a single interviewer, a long conversation points to a great level of engagement.6. The interviewer goes into day-to-day job specificsMost interviewers will give an overview of the open position to make sure you understand the job. But if the interviewer takes the time to do a deep dive into the job’s responsibilities and integrates you into the discussion (â€Å"you would be doing X,† â€Å"you would be leading this project,† etc.), it suggests they already see you as a good fit.7. Your thank you note nets a responseNo matter what, you need to send a thank you note as a follow-up to your interview. The interviewer, however, is not obligated to respond in any way. If you send your thank you and you get a response (especially a quick one), it shows that your interviewer is engaged in the process and likely had a positive reaction to your conversation. Bonus points if there are specific references to a point you discussed, because that can help you tell if it’s just an automatic response on their part or a genuinely warm reaction. Tone is everything here.The waiting game after an interview can be one of the most frustrating parts of any job hunt. If you’re able to walk out of the room with any of these positive outcomes behind you, it can help reassure you that things really did go well, and that you’re on the right track for a second interview- or maybe even that job offer.

Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Religion - Essay Example His ideas on life were that the soul was bound in the body awaiting its release and the eventual return to its original source in the other world. This transformation can be experienced during the present through personal purification. In many of his teachings, Attar has exemplified the essence of a pure life and the mortality of the human body (Attar, 19). In one of his many poems, Attar writes, â€Å"Life be it long or short is composed of few breaths. Whoever is born must also die. You were nourished for death; and you were brought into the world in order to be taken away from it.† (Attar, 13). nourished for death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The statement summarizes the whole poetic line. Attar tries to show that mankind is naturally mortal. All that a man goes through prepares him for the life after in the next world. The spiritual growth of a human being is a process of ‘nourishment’. In short, according to Attar, Mankind lives to die. The ultimate result of life is transformation to the afterlife through death (Attar, 23). Learners of Attar’s theories should therefore live their lives nourish themselves spiritually for the next stage of their lives. It makes them realize that they are mortal and they should be prepared for the death and the afterlife (Attar, 24). Still on the topic of religious theories, we should look at The Bhagavad Gita, a Hindu devotional book. The book also offers insight and guidance on death and how mankind should be prepared for it. The book states in part, â€Å"The soul never takes birth and never dies at any time nor does it come into being again when the body is created. The soul is birth less, eternal, imperishable and timeless and is never terminated when the body is terminated† (Zaener, 11). The Bhagavad Gita has the same notion in it with the Attar poetry. It shows that the soul is eternal and imperishable. It is, just like in Attar’s case, housed by the body but when the body is terminated, the

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Project management - Essay Example 1b) The second difference is the work of Sprints that Hill describes. This is achieved through regular iterations of work, known as Sprints which enhance the product as depicted by the team. It is clear to understand that Agile enhances the churn by reducing defects and defining the product resourcefully. The team evaluated by practicing this technique to steer the direction of the product via this methodology. When a team stops and re-evaluates the direction of a project every two weeks, there’s time to steer it in another direction without spending quality time. 1c)The third difference is the change of scope that is prominent according to Hill 2.The closest role as defined in the Scrum Guide is The Project Manager itself, who must verify these deliverables are those items that have been finished. 2a)However, upon the end of implementation phase, closing a project becomes a necessary point. Closing a project requires careful analysis and often misunderstood from a project management standpoint. 2b) It is the best role because Keeping in track with their progress on day to day basis can be truly helpful in the long run. This become problematic as the project due date comes closer since many smaller tasks may not be captured in the WBS itself. One of the biggest concerns for closing a project is the end the finer details of the store. This becomes more problematic the project does not achieve optimal results. In the Scrum Master Toolkit, the 3 reasons it is supreme is because it is Agile. 3a) Agile allows organizations to harness growth, breed innovation, and define products that can be tangible and intuitive. 3b)Secondly, it allows organizations to one can prototype. Prototyping allows Agile engineers to draft an idea in a constructive manner. This allows organizations to capture interface requirements as depicted by Hill as a central mechanism. 3c)Lastly, props are used in non-tangible sense that allows Scrum Masters to excel in their

Human cloning and Immanuel Kant Essay Example for Free

Human cloning and Immanuel Kant Essay Over the last decade, the advent of cloning and advancements in human genetic research have presented society with a complicated moral quandary. Debate rages as to what constitutes legitimate paths of inquiry and where to draw the line as to research that strikes many people as morally wrong. The basic question is: how does society determine whats right? While, of course, questions regarding human genetic research are new, this basic question is as hold as civilization and has been addressed over and over again by historys great philosophers. One of the most notable philosophers of the modern era is Immanuel Kant, who was born in Prussia in 1724. Kant paid a great deal of attention to formulating a complex system of morality. The following examines Kantian morals and how they might be applied to questions of human genetic research. Kants moral theory is predicated on the idea of the categorical imperative, which Kant described in the following manner, Act only on that maxim which you can at the same time will to be a universal law(Honderich, 1995, p. 436). By the term maxim, Kant meant general rules or principles upon which rational individuals act, and that these principles reflect the end that an individual has in mind in choosing actions of a certain type in given circumstances (Honderich, 1995). Therefore, maxims are principles in the following form: When in an S-type situation, act in an A-type manner in order to attain end- E (Honderich, 1995, p. 436). For example, a person might resolve to pay a bill as soon as it is received in order to not incur any debt. Kant tested a maxim by performing a thought experiment in which the individual asks oneself whether or not one would will a certain maxim to become universal law. As this suggests, moral law, in the philosophy of Kant, is inherent in reason itself. It is a priori, before experience (Frost, 1962). In every circumstance, Kant believed that categorical imperative provides a sure criterion for how to evaluate right and wrong (Frost, 1962). Kant maintained that an action that the individual can easily will that everyone should follow and perform would necessarily have to be a good act (Frost, 1962). Morality for Kant not only involved law (categorical imperative) but also the ultimate end to which action is directed. As the formulation of the concept of categorical imperative suggests, the basic problem for Kant was to discern the meaning of right and wrong, good and bad (Frost, 1962, p. 94). Fundamental to Kants thinking was the principle formulated by Rousseau that the only fundamentally good thing in the universe is the human will governed by respect for the moral law or the consciousness of duty (Frost, 1962, p. 94). He considered a moral act to be one that is performed out of respect for moral law, rather than for selfish gain or sympathy for others (Frost, 1962). Therefore, unlike other moral systems, Kant did not see consequences as the criteria for determining the moral value of a specific action. Rather, Kant looked toward the intentions of the individual. If an individual acts from good intentions, out of respect for moral law, his actions, are by definition, good. Kant argued that individuals instinctively avoid behavior, which, if performed by everyone, would create anarchy. We know, not by reasoning, but by vivid and immediate feelings, that we must avoid behavior which, if adopted by all men, would render social life impossible (Durant, 1961, p. 209). As this brief summary of Kantian ethics suggests, if Kant were presented with the problem of the morality of genetic research, he would, first of all, be concerned about the motivations of the researchers, their intentions in conducting such research (Frost, 1962). In the furor that was quickly generated over the successfully cloning of a sheep, Dolly, the usefulness of cloning technology to current medical practice was pushed aside. Nevertheless, the applications are considerable. A great deal of technical information has been left out in the sensationalism that abounded in the media. For one thing, the media did not make it clear that Dolly was not an identical clone (Wilson,1997). Part of everyones genetic material comes from the mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the egg. In the case of Dolly, only the nuclear DNA was transferred (Wilson, 1997). This may have significant information to import to scientists concerning the aging process since aging is related to acquired mutations in mitochondrial DNA (Wilson, 1997, p. 913). Furthermore, as Dolly ages, it has been noted that she is aging prematurely, which provides another source of information for scientists, but also signals that this technology is far from perfected. Research conducted on nuclear transfer into human eggs has the possibility of providing an immense amount of information that may have clinical value, by providing a model for learning more about somatic cell differentiation (Wilson, 1997, p. 913). Eventually, in due course, scientists may learn how to influence cell differentiation and this could give rise to targeted cell types (Wilson, 1997). The ability to generate tissues from different cell types could have enormous implications for transplantation. Wilson (1997) anticipates this technology utilizing skin and blood cells, and possibly even neuronal tissue that could then be used in the treatment of injury, transplants for leukemia, and for degenerative disease such as Parkinsons disease (p. 913). In another area of research, the successful cloning of human growth hormone (HGH) is important for several reasons. First of all, a child that has pituitary dwarfism requires twice-weekly injections until reaching age of 20. In the past, HGH was could only be obtained by removal of human pituitary tissue at autopsy. To treat one child with pituitary dwarfism using previous methods required obtaining over a thousand pituitaries (Emery and Malcolm, 1995, p. 165). Not only has it been difficult in the past to produce enough HGH to successfully provide treatment to all the children who needed it, but small amounts of contaminating virus caused some of the children treated to develop Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (Emery and Malcolm, 1995, p. 165). Cloning technology, which permits HGH to be produced artificially, has provided a readily available supply of HGH, which-in turn-has allowed the application of HGH in other treatments. For example, it has been discovered that HGH can be used to speed up the healing process for bone fractures (Emery and Malcolm, 1995). This is been particularly beneficial in treating the elderly (Emery and Malcolm, 1995). As this brief summary of scientific research being conducted into cloning and genetic research indicates, there are enormous benefits to be reaped from this new and controversial technology. Kant would undoubtedly approve of research that so obvious benefits humanity and society. What people seem to fear, and what would undoubtedly be wrong by any moral system, are nightmare scenarios propagated by the media and Hollywood. Images of clones being used simply as spare parts to extend the life of the rich, for example, has been dramatized in film. This sort of misuse of technology would constitute a threat to the social system and, therefore, would not pass Kants categorical imperative test. In other words, if everyone were cloned, it would significantly lower the way that human life is valued in our society. Also, the idea of human embryos being created and destroyed simply to further genetic research objectives is simply abhorrent on an instinctive level. Therefore, while it! can be seen that this technology needs to be carefully controlled and supervised in regards to moral issues, it should not be totally banned either, as it also has the power to benefit society to a great degree.

one flew over the cuckoos nest :: essays research papers

In the book One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey the use of Christ imagery is overall effective. One of the first images was the fishing trip planned by McMurphy because only twelve people went and Jesus took twelve disciples with him on a fishing trip. Billy Bibbits turning on McMurphy near the end by admitting that he was involved in McMurphys plan was like Judas admitting he participated with Jesus. Towards the end of the story McMurphy is a martyr just like Jesus because the patients aren’t free until he dies. Those are a few examples of how Kesey uses Christ imagery in his book. On the fishing trip that McMurphy planned twelve patients went. Those patients were Martini, McMurphy, Bibbit, Bromden, Harding, Frederickson, Scanlon, Tadem, Sefelt, George, Gregory, and Dr. Spivey. By sitting back and allowing the others to handle the storm on their own, McMurphy helps them prove they are worth something to themselves. Just the way Jesus taught his disciples to be self-sufficient in preparation for his own death. When Billy Bibbit was caught by Nurse Ratched with candy the prostitute he blamed McMurphy for forcing him to do that because he was scared the nurse would tell his mother." What worries me, Billy,† she said I could hear the change in her voice-†is how your mother is going to take this.† (Kesey pg.301) †Duh-duh-don’t t-tell, M-M-M-Miss Ratched. Duh-duh-duh-----†Ã¢â‚¬ Billy, I have to tell. I hate to believe you would behave like this, but, really, what else can I think? I find you alone, on a mattress, with this sort of woman.† †No! I d-d-didn’t. I was--† (Kesey pg.301) â€Å"Billy this girl could not have pulled you in here forcibly.† She shook her head. â€Å"Understand, I would like to believe something else--for your poor mother’s sake.† (pg.302) â€Å"She d-did.† He looked around him. â€Å"And M-M-McMurphy! He did And Harding! And the-the-the rest! They t-t-teased me, called me things!†(Kesey pg. 302) â€Å"They m-m-made me! Please, M-Miss Ratched, they may-may-May---!†(Kesey pg.302) McMurphy is shown as a martyr like Jesus was because the patients really don’t become free until he dies. Before the treatment is administered to him McMurphy â€Å"climbs on the table without help and spreads his arms out to hit the shadow. A switch snaps the clasps on his wrists, ankles, clamping him into the shadow† (Kesey pg. 272) When the graphite salve is put on his temples and they tell him its a conductant he says â€Å"Anointest my head with conductant.

Celebrity Culture Essay

Celebrity culture is recognized today as the popularization of certain individuals that have characteristics which may or may not be authentic, but society views as exceptional. Today’s stars do not really need to have an admirable talent or virtue to be known throughout the world. These idols are now able to gain worldwide coverage through common celebrity magazines and accepted television shows due to self-promotion or unethical behaviour. The celebrity culture always has and always will have an impact and influence on society. Celebrities are constantly in the media and have become role models for adolescents and teenagers. The adolescent minds in the current generation is becoming more deviated from picturing the world as a whole and is more focused on their own â€Å"bubbles† where anything in that bubble must directly relate and affect them. The most noticeable impact is on their views towards beauty, sexualisation or sexual development, and health. Beauty, in a typical teenager vocabulary, has been narrowly transformed into a young, symmetrical, skin-and-bone, tanned woman or man swishing back and forth their gorgeous hair and smiling their perfect teeth. Commercials featuring these celebrities give an impression of â€Å"if you want life and happiness† be like me and buy these products. Teens are misunderstanding that they are more than the sum of their possessions and salaries, more than the sum of their appearance and image, and more than the sum of their achievements and failures because of what they are seeing and everyone else is seeing through the media. More and more of teenagers are being affected by the sexualisation of girls according to mental health experts. A research on analyzing the effects of virtually every form of media from music lyrics to video games showed an effect that young girls are succumbing to the pressure of sexualisation by posting naked pictures of themselves on the internet or allowing boyfriends to take nude photos of them. Furthermore, casual celebrity sex appears to be the norm amongst the youth. As a result of an over-sexed society, young girls can be found with self-image and emotional problems like anxiety and shame, and lack of confidence in and comfort with her own body. Sexualisation of girls has negative consequences on girls’ ability to develop a healthy sexual self-image, research suggests. Celebrities do not only have a negative impact on the personalities and looks of fans, but also in their health. There have been cases where fame has been used positively and to send out a good message but there have been other instances in which celebrities have put out a bad image. For example, the appeal of drug and alcohol abuse has increased and so have images of intoxicated celebrities in magazines and television. Celebrities have glamorized smoking in the media and are setting an example for people everywhere that it is acceptable to smoke. Stars should make it an ambition to refrain from using drugs and drinking excessive amounts of liquor because it sends a message to supporters that a life of drugs and alcohol is a satisfactory way to live. Celebrities need to change the way they act and how they are viewed. Their actions have more of an effect on us then many people believe they have. Thin, compulsive celebrities are changing the way many young teenagers think and act. Celebrities need to change these unpleasant habits now and realize that they need to be more concerned with themselves and with their portrayal in the media. Unfortunately, the power of who becomes famous and what images are presented is completely in the hands of the media.

Oates v Emerson Essay

In class out of the three essays we read I choose to do a compare-contrast between Ralph Waldo Emerson’s and Joyce Carol Oates’s essays. I choose these two because they both had different feels towards nature. Oates is against nature and Emerson is about becoming one with nature. Even though both have different meaning, both Oates and Emerson successfully uses rhetorical strategies such as appeal to credibility, emotion, and logic to support their claims on nature. In Emerson’s â€Å"From Nature† he uses credibility when he refers to god. He states that â€Å"I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing†¦I am part or particle of God†. Emerson is basically saying that he is one with nature. He is persuading the reader to think this. Emerson relates to his audience through the feelings that nature by its self can inspire. In Oates â€Å"Against Nature† she uses credibility at the very beginning of her essay by stating, â€Å"I was lying o n my back in the dirt†¦staring up at the sky†¦Ã¢â‚¬  By this statement you get an image in your head of what’s occurring. Oates uses credibility again in her essay when referring to â€Å"Edmund of King Lear†. In both of their essays, Emerson and Oates effectively use credibility to support their claims. In Oates essay she uses emotion when mentioning something quite gruesome. She states â€Å"†¦the raccoon†¦tearing at his own belly with his teeth, so that his intestines spill out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Another example is when she mentions that she has â€Å"paroxysmal tachycardia† and that it just so happens to be â€Å"fatal†. You cannot help but to feel bad for her. Is this the reason she doesn’t enjoy nature since her condition can attack so unexpectedly? In Emerson’s essay he uses emotion when states that â€Å"but none†¦owns the landscape†. He is saying that anyone can enjoy nature. Next he says that â€Å"In the woods, is perpetual youth†. This is emotion because Emerson mentions childhood, and this is something that people remember. He has felt that he has been changed by nature, and that you should to. Both essays use logic in order to support their position on nature. Oates uses logic in her essay when stating the dangers of her medical condition. She mentions why it’s â€Å"fatal† by reason, and that the most important thing you can do with tachycardia is that â€Å"you must prevent  panic†. She with this statement also includes statistics on the amounts of heartbeats it takes for the condition to be fatal. Another example is when Oates refers poems of writers such as â€Å"Flowers and Fruit† by Colette and â€Å"Taking the Side of Things† by Ponge. Now in Emerson’s he uses the appeal of logic when he convinces his reader that â€Å"we have no questions†¦are unanswerable†. This statement is reasoning that nature will answer all questions. He proves that nature is greater than man, and that it deserves respect. To conclude, both Oates and Emerson effectively use the appeals of credibility, emotion, and logic to support their position when it comes to nature. They both are complete opposites when it comes to nature. Emerson feels that nature is not only beautiful, but that it holds something different for everyone. Oates on the opposing side dismisses nature and all its glory. Oates has her view against nature and Emerson’s essay is successful in uncovering truths about nature and man’s role in nature.

Definition and Examples of Sound Bites

Definition and Examples of Sound Bites A sound bite is a brief excerpt from a text or performance (usually ranging from a single word to a sentence or two) that is meant to capture the interest and attention of an audience. Also known as a grab or a clip. In recent presidential elections, said Craig Fehrman  in 2012, the average TV sound bite has dropped to a tick under eight seconds (The Boston Globe). In the 1960s, a 40-second sound bite was the norm. Examples and Observations From Other Writers From the late 1960s to the late 1980s, the place of oratory in U.S. public culture was shrinkingliterally. In 1968, the average sound bite in presidential election news coverage was more than 43 seconds long. In 1972, it dropped to 25 seconds. In 1976, it was 18 seconds; in 1980, 12 seconds; in 1984, just 10 seconds. By the time the 1988 election season rolled around, the size of the average sound bite had been reduced to less than 9 seconds. . . . By the end of the 1980s, . . . the time and space allotted to political oratory in the American mainstream media had already been incrementally eroded.(Megan Foley, Sound Bites: Rethinking the Circulation of Speech From Fragment to Fetish. Rhetoric and Public Affairs, Winter 2012)A day like today is not a day for sound bites, really. But I feel the hand of history upon our shoulders.(Prime Minister Tony Blair on arriving in Belfast, Northern Ireland, for the talks that produced the Good Friday Agreement, April 8, 1998Seeking to prod Congre ss to provide more money to help prevent layoffs from local and state governments, [President] Obama stressed how much better off private companies are doing in terms of hiring.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The private sector is doing fine, he said, immediately giving Mitt Romney the same kind of bumper-sticker sound bite that Mr. Obama used against Mr. McCain four years ago. (Michael D. Shear, Republicans Take Aim at Obama’s ‘Doing Fine’ Comments. The New York Times, June 8, 2012) Over images of factory employees hard at work and smiling families, an announcer says, when a million jobs were on the line, every Republican candidate turned their back, even said, Let Detroit go Bankrupt.Then the commercial pivots to the president. Not him, says the announcer as a sound bite of the president plays. Don’t bet against the American auto industry, Mr. Obama is shown saying.(Jeremy W. Peters, Obama Goes After Republicans in New Michigan Ad. The New York Times, February 23, 2012)I am even told that you like your reading in short bursts now. Little chunks. Sound bites. Like that. Because you are busy. In a rush. Like to graze. Like cows. A bite here. A bite there. Too much to do. No time to spare. Under pressure. Bollocks. Lazy. Stupid. Finger out. Socks up.It was not always thus. Time was when an Englishman could happily gawp at a single sentence for an hour at a time. The ideal magazine essay took roughly as long to read as it took your umbrella to dry.(Michael B ywater, The Chronicles of Bargepole. Jonathan Cape, 1992) Sound Bites as Compressed Arguments As Peggy Noonan has explained so well, a sound bite is the culmination of good writing and a good argument. Ask not what your country can do ... or The only thing we have to fear ... represented the sharpest point of the speeches behind them. (John Dickerson, Dispatches From the Republican National Convention.Slate, August 30, 2012)The sound-bite should encapsulate the main point of the argument; the strongest opinion or reaction. Again there is a danger of distortion by over-emphasizing the already emphatic and polarizing a point of view, and this danger can only be eliminated by carefully explaining the context in which the remarks were made. (Andrew Boyd, Peter John Stewart, and Ray Alexander, Broadcast Journalism: Techniques of Radio and Television News, 6th ed. Focal Press, 2008) The Sound Bite Culture A sound bite society is one that is flooded with images and slogans, bits of information and abbreviated or symbolic messagesa culture of instant but shallow communication. It is not just a culture of gratification and consumption, but one of immediacy and superficiality, in which the very notion of news erodes in a tide of formulaic mass entertainment. It is a society anesthetized to violence, one that is cynical but uncritical, and indifferent to, if not contemptuous of, the more complex human tasks of cooperation, conceptualization, and serious discourse. . . . The sound bite culture . . . focuses on the immediate and the obvious; the near-term, and the particular; on identity between appearance and reality; and on the self rather than larger communities. Above all, it is a society that thrives on simplicity and disdains complexity.(Jeffrey Scheuer, The Sound Bite Society: How Television Helps the Right and Hurts the Left. Routledge, 2001) Television Journalism and Sound Bites In any campaign reform, it must be acknowledged that television news is an accomplice as well as a victim of the politicos. The sound bite is to television what the fang bite was to Dracula. The office seeker who has a thought that takes more than 30 seconds to express turns producers rabid. (Walter Goodman, Toward a Campaign of Substance in 92.  The New York Times, March 26, 1990)Television is the enemy of complexity. You rarely have time to express the fine points, the caveats, the context of your subject. Youre always being interrupted just as you try to make a larger point. What works best on a talk show is the snappy one-liner, the artful insult, the definitive declaration. What makes you look weak and vacillating is an acknowledgment that your case is not airtight, that the other side may have a valid point. (Howard Kurtz, Hot Air: All Talk, All The Time. Times Books, 1996)If news reporters and cameras are only there to be used by politicians as recording devices for their sc ripted soundbites, at best that is a professional discourtesy. At worst, if we are not allowed to explore and examine a politicians views, then politicians cease to be accountable in the most obvious way. (ITV news reporter Damon Green, quoted by Mark Sweney in Ed Miliband TV Interviewer Reveals Shame Over Absurd Soundbites. The Guardian, July 1, 2011) Sound-Bite Sabotage Sound-bite saboteurs on all sides of the aisle try to move the opinion of publics toward positions that are contrary to the best available data. Rather than communicating with publics to enable more informed decision making, sound-bite sabotage occurs when public and private leaders use the tools of public relations to discredit the importance of using data, engaging in scholarly inquiry, and supporting democratic deliberation.Seeing (hearing, reading, experiencing) sound-bite sabotage draws our attention to the commodification of political discourse rather than to the political spectacles constructed, to distract citizens from the communicative strategies mobilized by public and private elites. (Julie Drew, William Lyons, and Lance Svehla. Sound-Bite Saboteurs: Public Discourse, Education, and the State of Democratic Deliberation. SUNY Press, 2010) Alternate Spellings: sound-bite, soundbite

Most Fun Classes to Take in College

Most Fun Classes to Take in College Certain college courses have a bad rap. You know the ones: Organic Chemistry, Quantum Mechanics, Calculus III. Not to say that college students are lazy or that doing something difficult isn’t worthwhile but, with these classes, you’ve really got to want it. Take many of the same topics that make upper level Sociology (or Literature or Math) so unappealing and approach them from a different angle and you’ve got students lining up around the block to sign up. You have to admit that The Sociological Implications of Tattoos in American Popular Culture makes sociology sound down-right interesting. Below are eight more classes we’d stand in line for. The Art of Walking The Art of Walking is about more than just walking – although ambulation does play a major role in the course work. The Art of Walking weaves together pedestrian travel, history, philosophy, and sight-seeing into a course that’s about more than the sum of its parts. Tree Climbing This course teaches students how to get into the canopy of a tree, climb around, even to move from one tree to another without getting back to the ground. Students will also learn how to use technical climbing gear and ropes to reach the top of any tree. At the end of the course you will be able to reach any heights! Age of Piracy For those interested in learning more about the art of pirating, this course offers a detailed examination into the real, often unappealing, lives of pirates. Not all of them were as exciting and romantic, as the life of Captain Jack Sparrow. Lego Robotics Children all over the world are familiar with Legos and all the wonderful things they can build with the plastic toy. Now, a college course investigates how these bricks can be used to build real robots. What robot would YOU like to build? Game of Thrones The immensely popular television show based on George R.R. Martin’s popular books is now a college class. This course aims to teach students how the skills that are used to study literature can be put to use examining television as well. Also find out what the book-to-screenplay adaptation process is like. Nuthin’ but a â€Å"G† Thang This course examines hip-hop masters such as Run DMC, Nas, TuPac, Biggie, Snoop, Dre, Scarface, Wu-Tang Clan, DJ Screw, A Tribe Called Quest, and Grandmaster Flash in an attempt to learn about the history and variety of the genre and its effect on the music industry and culture. The class covers artists from all periods and the major genres within hip hop beginning with its roots with the Grandmaster Flash and Sugar Hill Gang all the way to Lil Wayne, and everything in between. Ice Cream Short Course Learn all the small details of ice cream manufacturing and witness the creation of this delicious treat as it goes from cow to cone. The program instructs students in the fine points of ice cream making on a commercial level. There might also be some practical studies where you can actually take a bite! Feminist Perspectives: Politicizing Beyonce This course focuses on how Beyonce has used her lyrics and celebrity status to illustrate issues regarding sexuality, female empowerment and gender. The course includes readings by prominent black feminists including Bell Hooks and Octavia Butler. The Science of Superheroes Comic book readers around the world are already familiar with discussing the finer points of Superman’s flight. The reality of the Silver Surfer has been debated for decades and Wolverine’s claws is always a popular topic at parties. Now the discussion and debate has moved from basement to college classroom and students can do it for college credit. The Science of Superheroes uses the popular genre to teach real lessons about physics. Though you probably wouldn’t want to pursue a Ph.D. in the art of walking, it certainly could make for a fun way to satisfy you physical education requirement. And though you might not major in Game of Thrones, it could be an interesting way to fulfill the Literature part of your degree. Keep an eye out for these interesting classes, give them a try, and you might learn more than you think.

How print press stimulated social and political change in Europe Essay

How print press stimulated social and political change in Europe - Essay Example People such as Martin Luther openly opposed the rule of the Roman Catholic Church. He argued that its acts went against the values of Christianity. In the political arena, people had the platform to voice out their political opinions. Wars and revolutions emerged because people realized that their leaders were either dictatorial or had propaganda agendas. The paper will discuss how the printing press stimulated social and political change in Europe. The Printing Press The printing press (movable type) was the indicator innovation in the early contemporary information technology. Between the years 1446 and 1450, Johannes Gutenberg introduced the first printing press in Mainz, Germany. In the following five decades, the technology was widely adopted across Europe. In the same period, the prices of book decreased by two thirds and this transformed the conditions of intellectual work and the ways in which ideas were distributed. Historians indicate that the printing press was one of the greatest inventions in the history of humanity.12 How Print Press Stimulated Social and Political Change in Europe The rise of modernism is attributed to the invention of the printing press and the spread of literacy throughout Europe. ... crucial in the success of modernism in the West.3 It is important to note that before the printing press invention, owning a Bible or any other book was a rare feat. As the printing presses proliferated, so did the Bibles and other books. These books became increasingly available to the population, thus the information accessible and available to individuals increased rapidly. Consequently, it encouraged the development of literacy. In the 17th century, political pamphlets and technical literature, storybooks and novels, as well as commentaries on religious matters and the Bible became very common. Magazines and newspapers began appearing in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the levels of literacy were well spread enough to develop a market for cheap press. It is during this time that advertising found its place in the market.4 The printing press created significant changes in the economic, political, and social spheres. It increased the speed and reduced the costs of reproducti on. Printing press made the dissemination of ideas much easier. Manuscripts and books ceased to be isolated to a particular group (monarchs) in the society, and became accessible and available to most people in the society. Thus, they started serving as important forums for public discussion. Happening at a period of political and religious turmoil, the printing press presented the European monarchs with both an economic opportunity and political threat. The development of the law of copyright was to deal with this threat and take advantage of the opportunity presented.5 Direct censorship was the viable means for confronting the political threat coming from the printing press. It also muffled the printing industry and consequently limited the economic benefits of the government from the

Is there a link between volcanic eruption and climate change and what Essay

Is there a link between volcanic eruption and climate change and what the relationship between the two may be - Essay Example A., & Wilson, L. (2008). Donald Rapp in his book about climatic changes states that volcanic eruptions, though minor, are one of the factors for global warming, but injecting radiations into the earth’s atmosphere. Volcanos erupts huge amounts of ash, magma and sulfuric contents that remain in the environment, polluting it. (Rapp, D. (2008) When the issues regarding global warming got into discussions, human activities like the release of gases having CFC’s and burning of fossil fuels were considered as the primary factors for the climatic change. But some people disagree and claim that human activities pose less danger to our environment than natural procedures such as volcanic eruptions. This statement led human to study the affects of volcanic eruptions in detail. (Stenchikov, Georgiy L., Ingo Kirchner, Alan Robock, Hans-F. Graf, Juan Carlos Antuna, R. G. Grainger, Alyn Lambert, and Larry Thomason, 1998) Mount Pinatubo in Philippines got erupted on June 15, 1991, where approximately about 20 million tons of SO2 and ash particles spread into the air for more than 12 miles. The gases and solids that bumped into the atmosphere at the time Mount Pinatubo erupted lasted for 2 weeks in the air. Volcanic outbreak of this scale can shock earth’s climate, dropping the quantity of sun rays getting in the Earths shell, and altering atmospheric activity model. But the degree to which these changes happen, may vary. (Geology, sdsu; climatic effects of volcanic eruptions (2001). Extensive volcanic motion may precede only a couple of days, but the huge out break of solid ash and gases containing high sulfur content, may last for a long period of time. The erupted sulfuric gases convert themselves to â€Å"Sulfate Aerosols†. After the volcanic eruption, these aerosol particles may rest in the Earth’s stratosphere for as long as a

Financial Management and Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Management and Accounting - Assignment Example revenues, and expenses attributable to a business that would eventually lead to either a surplus or deficit in the case of a not for profit business. The total profit margin should be used as a metric that is helpful in the assessment of the financial strength of a company. The strength of a company in terms of finances is determined by analyzing the percentage of money that remains after total expenses are deducted form the income of a company. The total profit margin is calculated using the following formula; In a business, there are 2 forms of cash flows; cash inflow, and cash out flow. Cash inflow to a business is the revenue that may is incurred from the normal running of the business. The other forms of cash inflows include dividends that a company receives from investing in other businesses. Cash out flows are the cash amounts that a business uses in the running of the business. They may include the payment of business expenses, acquisition of equipment, and the payment of dividends to shareholders of the business. The cash flow to Brandywine Homecare is $12 million that results from the revenue of the business. The doubling of the depreciation charge as a result of changes in calculation procedures would make it to be equivalent to $3 million. The increase in depreciation charge would make the net income to be less by an amount equivalent to the increase in the depreciation charge. However, the increase in the value of the depreciation charge would not affect the cash flow of the company. This is because depreciation charge is termed as a non cash item and therefore has no effect on the cash flows of the business. If the depreciation expense was reduced by a half, the net profit would increase by an amount equal to the decrease. That means that the depreciation charge would be equal to $0.75 million. The total profit margin would reduce by a half while the cash flow would remain

Leadership and Personality Research

Leadership and Personality Research Section One: Leadership Model Leadership is commonly identified as an art, yet slightly understood as a science in various literatures. Leadership is both a science and an art (Hughes, Ginnett Curphy, 2011). To define what art is, in the noble words of Gunter Grass, Art is accusation, expression, passion. Art is a fight to the finish between black charcoal and white paper (Taberner, 2012). Furthermore, to borrow an interesting description of what art is not, from Leo Tolstoy, Art is not, as the metaphysicians say, the manifestation of some mysterious idea of beauty or God; it is not, as the aesthetical physiologists say, a game in which man lets off his excess of stored-up energy; it is not the expression of mans emotions by external signs; it is not the production of pleasing objects; and, above all, it is not pleasure; but it is a means of union among men, joining them together in the same feelings, and indispensable for the life and progress toward well-being of individuals and of humanity (Tolstoy, 2016). From the above, I arrived to an understanding that leadership seems to be a grey area with various definitions and identifications. I believe leadership is within oneself, it is a process that requests various human skills transformed into mere instinct, which requires a sense of understanding in regards to a particular environment via observation and experimentation as to achieve a certain goal. Many leadership styles exist, lending itself to being explained through multiple metaphors without a one size fits all model. Although it was not an easy task to determine a single metaphor for a personal leadership model, I reflected on my own personal life. Having grown up in a family of farmers, I shall thus compare leadership to farming. Farming, as defined by the Cambridge English Dictionary, is an act of growing crops and/or keeping animals. A farmer can be thought of as a leader since they attend to the following activities: Planting/growing crops and raising/breeding livestock. Continuously attending to crops and feeding livestock. Finally collecting what the land or livestock have produced. Given the above activities, a sound farmer would be one that reasons with each and every considerable act of nature as well as promotes a sense of nurture to what they are attempting to achieve. There are certain acts of nature that cannot be foreseen such as weather conditions. At a time where technology was not around to predict the weather forecast, farmers took upon themselves learning and adapting to the environment, as it was crucial and necessary in constantly maintaining the wellness of the crops and livestock. There are more factors farmers face when considering the art of appropriate farming. Appropriate farming involves the management of three different activities, that are crops, livestock and off-farm enterprises. The decision-making process is relatively difficult as it encompasses the farmers use of their knowledge as to come as close as possible to fulfilling the goal they are striving to achieve (Norman, Worman, Siebert, Modiakgotla, 1995).[1] For example, their ability to manage and allocate crops away from livestock in order to achieve a balanced healthy environment on the farm is necessary, so as not all the crops are being fed on by the livestock and no t all the livestock are grazing throughout the farm. As farmers grow crops with a high-quality yield and cater to nurturing their livestock, similarly, leaders help in growing people and ensure sustainability and profitability to a business. The land and soil are the business culture, the climate is the market, the pests and diseases are then the competition (Tole, 2017). Leaders sow their values into the lives of others through the expression of attitudes, words and actions. Regardless as to where a leader may exist, be it at work, at home or in a community, the impact that individuals may have on your leadership, your business or organization requires attention as expressions are to be highly regarded by ones emotional instinct perceived from such interactions (Hale, 2013). Given the outline and understanding of the course this was witnessed by myself in the topic of Emotional Intelligence. I learned that we must partake in being in-tune with our emotions whilst dealing with others in and out of the workplace; attempting to understand the characteristics of whom we are dealing with as well as trying to relate to them to achieve a common goal. This has been evident whilst I recollected my personal observation of farmers attending to their land and livestock with much love, care and attention as to result in better productivity without dialogue. That alone is a magnificent skill to acquire. Leaders cultivate what they have sown by continuously connecting the dots between their words and actions. This is managed by living out or modelling what matters most to them about others, work, life and faith. Having such a practice put into effect tirelessly, is regarded to be like farming, since farmers weed/water the crops and feed/raise the livestock as to facilitate the full growth of crops as well as maintaining healthy livestock (Hale, 2013). Finally, leaders harvest what they have sown and cultivated (Hale, 2013). Like farmers, leaders allow themselves to celebrate their goals as well as reflect back on what they have generated or created per se. The act of doing so simply allows the leader to indulge themselves to progress together with their team as they exemplify success to themselves and continue working positively. Reflections, allow a leader to identify where they may have gone wrong and try to approach their harvest in a different manner yet more productive way (Miller, 2012). Similarly, with farming, the farmer would feel a sense of gratification as their goals of maintaining a healthy environment on the farm and the ability to sell their fresh produce as well as having high yields of growth, and a set of well-fed/raised healthy livestock. The farmers reflection to their creation would always require attention, hence identifying newer strategies to implement and put into action as to increase productivity and mak e more use of their resources to progress forward. The personal leadership model, highly relates to leading by example which is evident in the above section, as I mention exemplifying success in order to progress for both leaders and farmers. I can see it as a vital part of a famers life since each observation I can recall from my past allows me to identify most examples that these farmers could show rather than just point it out in words. I learned actions speak louder than words throughout the life I have lived thus far. This made me understand that not everything is settled by words and sometimes complete silence and the portrayal of an action is more than enough. Therefore, art is a very relevant topic when it comes to leadership due to the understanding of what art is and is not. Leaders are an amalgamation of various skillsets and knowledge. To better phrase what I previously mentioned, I believe farmers are leaders. In regards to my observations to the behaviours of multiple farmers, I can say they have acquired a high level o f emotional intelligence, have self-actualized their purpose, and yet are self-aware of their own actions towards tangible hard-to-communicate-with resources (i.e. land, crops and livestock). Effective leaders, are not always known to be good leaders whereas I believe farmers make good effective leaders due to the way they challenge the process of farming seeking opportunities to change, grow and improve their farms as well as define a model of life by behaving consistently in coordination to their associated goals. More-so the characteristics that are seen in farmers have a tendency of relying on growth and development. For example, their mere ability to encourage their competency in terms of adapting to the know-hows of running a farm as to sustain it, their integrity in acting honestly with the resources given to them as to harmonize the potential of a high level of productivity, their ability to carry on what they do in regards to their direction and the well-being of their resources and finally their vision that allows them to feel rewarded and celebrate their achievement in creating an healthy environment where all resources are put to work together to maximize grow th (Leadership, 2016). The leadership styles will vary from one style to another. The majority of styles witnessed in farming are realised to be situational, functional and moral in terms of understanding the importance of all the stages that are required to achieve the final goal. Situational comes into action whilst having to deal with unforeseen changes. Functional relates to the ways of dealing with the available resources such as the land, crops and animals in this scenario. Lastly, the moral approach comes handy whilst the farmers set to better the environment they are within by acting consistently, treating the livestock with care and provisioning a safe environment for their produce (Harvey, 2009). Section Two: Leadership Personality Assessment Self-leadership being the ability to lead oneself towards achieving goals. In understanding my purpose as a person, I became willing to work on self-development. My journey started with the growth of a need to depend on myself. Its emergence grew from self-education and the help of various others whom were regarded as leaders. I embraced my liking of leadership from certain role models in my life, starting from my family, later becoming certain icons of the past and present. I am grateful for having parents who shed the light of intellectualism and wisdom whilst growing up. Many of the lessons they taught me kept me progressing throughout life as well as catering to a greater understanding in identifying my percipience of others I characterised as role models. In the words of Jack Welch, Before you are a leader, success is all about growing yourself. When you become a leader, success is all about growing others (Greenberg, 2012). Growing oneself is a lifelong process and so is leadership. It requires continuous assessment of skills and qualities, yet it helps in understanding the aims of life and co-ordinates the ability to set goals and realise potential. Personal empowerment and self-education allowed me to find greater self-confidence, self-awareness, self-management and a level of self-motivation to commit to tasks in life to reach a satisfying goal. John F. Kennedy once said: Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other (Kennedy, 1963). As I continued to grow, my path crossed with others. It is inevitable to have at least one friend or person to whom you cannot relate to or try and befriend, regardless of all stages in life. A person will eventually work with someone on a given task. This can be seen either at work, home or within the community. Given the fact that I have moved away from the home I grew up in, many obstacles came my way. I no longer lived in my comfort zone. My surroundings were new, the people within the community were foreign to me, I had to re-calibrate and learn more about the environment I was living in. Therefore, I took on setting more goals that would encourage my participation in this environment. This helped me acquire a sense in furthering my knowledge of teamwork as well as elevate my emotional intellectual instincts in accordance to the surroundings, yet not allow the surroundings change who I am. I remained true to myself, but I visualised a larger set of goals. Results from the psychometric tests are as follows: Myer-Briggs/Jungs Big Five, 16 personalities (ENFP Personality (The Campaigner) | 16 Personalities, 2017). I am an ENFP-A Appendix B. Extraverted, Intuitive, Feeling, Prospecting and Assertive. This suggests that I possess the personality of a campaigner and has the role of being a diplomat whilst utilizing the strategy of people mastery. Tony Robbins DISC (Robbin Research International, 2017). I have a moderately low Decisive, very high Interactive, high Stabilizing and moderately high Cautious personality Appendix C. In accordance to the DISC study, I seem to always build a comfort zone. This suggestively allows me to maintain my stress levels even when I am placed in a fast-moving environment due to my tendency to consciously think about modifying my behaviour. The Narcissist Personality Inventory (NPI-40 iLearn: MGSM, 2017). Score: 15/40 The lower the score the less narcissistic I am, as suggested by Raskin Hall. This simply states I have an average level of narcissism and is concluded in seven different facets. To my understanding from this test and the diagram available in Appendix D, various qualities have suggested levels of authority, self-sufficiency, superiority, exhibitionism, exploitation, vanity and entitlement that my personality tends to project. The high level of superiority indicates my senses of being of a high intellect whilst compared to the other tests. Personal observations in accordance to the above tests: My suggested personality is ENFP-A as per 16 personalities. The individual traits that were suggested showed a high level of extraversion, a high level of being intuitive, showing feelings, a prospecting character, and moderately assertive. The role as characterised by 16 personalities suggests I am a diplomatic campaigner who uses the strategy of people mastery. Results from the interviews: Interviewee 1 (the male participant), identified my personality to be ESFJ-A as per 16 personalities. The individual traits that were revealed by him showed a high level of extraversion, a moderate level of being observant, showing feelings, judging, and a high level of assertiveness. The role as characterised by 16 personalities suggests I am a sentinel consul who uses the strategy of people mastery. More-so, interviewee 1s completion of the DISC test further acknowledged a moderately low Decisive and very high Interactive personality, whilst concluding a very high Stabilizing and moderately low Cautious personality. Interviewee 2 (the female participant), identified my personality to be ISTJ-A as per 16 personalities. The individual traits that were revealed by her showed a moderate level of introversion, a high level of being observant, being practical, judging, and assertive. The role as characterised by 16 personalities suggests I am a sentinel logistician who uses the strategy of confident individualism. More-so, interviewee 2s completion of the DISC test revealed a well-balanced result that indicates a high average Decisive, a high average Interactive, a high average Stabilizing and a high average Cautious personality. Both interviewees were asked to come up with a list of six traits to help identify who I am to them. One listed the traits, whilst the other rated them from 1 10 (1 being the lowest, 10 being the highest). The results were fascinating to me, as I would have never actually considered them about myself. To conclude the results, I have found out that I possess certain characteristics of a natural leader. Given the above suggestions describing my person, I do realise everyone has potential of being a leader in their own way. I believe leading a good life and being a good person shows greatness; those are the first signs of true leadership. I embrace my strengths and work upon encouraging further strengths to emerge, yet I disregarded any mention of weaknesses. I believe everyone has weaknesses and implying them would discredit the ability of minimising them, yet understanding them may allow a person to bypass them. As once mentioned by Shusaku Endo: Every weakness contains within itself a strength (Scott, 2016). I envision my weaknesses as partially evident within my strengths and in bettering my strengths I can overcome any weakness. Therefore, the suggested strengths I have acquired can be further worked upon to better my being and indulge my sense of leadership. As for my efforts in bettering myself via personal development, I have set goals to improve the skills I lack in. Traits like social boldness and dominance as stated by the interviewees present in Appendix E will require some work to improve on, yet maintain and improve the rest of the other traits. Whereas from my own assessments, I would have to picture myself in being more assertive and find ways to identify my dominance as I never thought of myself as being someone who is well dominant, rather someone who is very competitive. References Cambridge English Dictionary. (2017). Meaning of farming in the Cambridge English Dictionary. www.dictionary.cambridge.org. Retrieved 13 March 2017, from http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/farming Greenberg, M. (2012). Six Qualities Leaders Need to Be Successful. Psychology Today. Retrieved 15 March 2017, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-mindful-self-express/201204/six-qualities-leaders-need-be-successful Hale, R. (2013). Why Leaders are like Farmers. WellSpirit Consulting Group, Inc. Retrieved 13 March 2017, from http://wellspiritconsulting.com/why-leaders-are-like-famers/ Harvey, T. (2009). Leadership theories, leadership models and leadership principles. www.learn-to-be-a-leader.com. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from http://www.learn-to-be-a-leader.com/leadership-theories.html Hughes, R., Ginnett, R., Curphy, G. (2011). Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience (7th ed., p. 5). McGraw-Hill Irwin. Kennedy, J. (1963). John F. Kennedy Speeches John F. Kennedy Presidential Library Museum. www.jfklibrary.org. Retrieved 15 March 2017, from https://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Aids/JFK-Speeches/Dallas-TX-Trade-Mart-Undelivered_19631122.aspx Leadership. (2016). www.thepeopleindairy.org.au. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from http://www.thepeopleindairy.org.au/working-together/leadership.htm Macquarie Graduate School of Management (MGSM). (2017). iLearn: NPI-40 Narcissism Personal Inventory. ilearn.mq.edu.au. Retrieved 15 March 2017, from http://ilearn.mq.edu.au/mod/quiz/view.php?id=3829882 Miller, P. (2012). Self-reflection: the key to effective leadership. Todays Manager, Dec 2011 Jan 2012. 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Bloomsbury Academic. Appendices       Appendix A: Appendix B: 16 Personalities: Personality type: The Campaigner (ENFP-A) Individual traits: Extraverted 61%, Intuitive 68%, Feeling 64%, Prospecting 53%, Assertive 63%. Role: Diplomat Strategy: People Mastery Summary: An extraverted mind that prefers groups activities, gets energized by social interaction and tends to be more enthusiastic, yet easily excited than introverts. A very intuitive individual who is very imaginative, open-minded and curious. Someone that prefers novelty over stability and focuses on hidden meanings as well as future possibilities. A naturally sensitive and emotionally expressive individual who tends to be more empathic and focuses on social harmony/cooperation. An assertive individual who is self-assured, even tempered and resistant to stress. Can refuse worrying too much and tends to not push themselves too hard when it comes to achieving goals as they believe goals will naturally come to them. Appendix C: DISC: Strengths: I have a large knowledge-base and a continuing appetite to learn more. I have the tendency to be friendly and easy-going whilst interacting with others. I possess the ability to focus on building my own skills and talents as well as assist others on building their own. I am modest rather than egocentric, yet can become more assertive when necessary. I have a desire to become the best that I can be, or an expert in a specific area. I acquired the ability to self-manage. Appendix D: Question 1 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I am much like everybody else. b. I am an extraordinary person. Question 2 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I am more capable than other people. b. There is a lot that I can learn from other people. Question 3 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I get upset when people dont notice how I look when I go out in public. b. I dont mind blending into the crowd when I go out in public. Question 4 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I wish somebody would someday write my biography. b. I dont like people to pry into my life for any reason. Question 5 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I am a born leader. b. Leadership is a quality that takes a long time to develop. Question 6 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. People sometimes believe what I tell them. b. I can make anybody believe anything I want them to. Question 7 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I am going to be a great person. b. I hope I am going to be successful. Question 8 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I would prefer to be a leader. b. It makes little difference to me whether I am a leader or not. Question 9 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. Being an authority doesnt mean that much to me. b. People always seem to recognize my authority. Question 10 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I can live my life in any way I want to. b. People cant always live their lives in terms of what they want. Question 11 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I really like to be the centre of attention. b. It makes me uncomfortable to be the centre of attention. Question 12 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I like to look at myself in the mirror. b. I am not particularly interested in looking at myself in the mirror. Question 13 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I dont care about new fads and fashions. b. I like to start new fads and fashions. Question 14 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I have a strong will to power. b. Power f or its own sake doesnt interest me. Question 15 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. Compliments embarrass me. b. I like to be complimented. Question 16 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I will never be satisfied until I get all that I deserve. b. I take my satisfactions as they come. Question 17 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I expect a great deal from other people. b. I like to do things f or other people. Question 18 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. Sometimes I tell good stories. b. Everybody likes to hear my stories. Question 19 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I sometimes depend on people to get things done. b. I rarely depend on anyone else to get things done Question 20 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I always know what I am doing. b. Sometimes I am not sure of what I am doing. Question 21 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I try not to be a show off. b. I will usually show off if I get the chance. Question 22 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. My body is nothing special. b. I like to look at my body. Question 23 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: a. I just want to be reasonably happy. b. I want to amount to something in the eyes of the world. Question 24 Two statements. Which best applies to you? Select one: