Environmental Management System (EMS) in an Organisation

Environmental Management System (EMS) in an Organisation 1. How would you summarise the environmental challenge faced by industry at the current time? Since the start of the industrial age, economic growth and the environment have often been in conflict (Florida and Davidson, 2001). Motivated by more than just â€Å"altruistic concerns† (Florida and Davidson: 64) many companies are now taking initiative and incorporating the environment into their business strategy. The environmental challenge to industry comes from a huge number of sources, but it can generally be narrowed down to three directions, commonly known as the ‘green triangle’ (Gale, 1996). Firstly, environmental laws and regulations are forcing industry to improve their environmental performance. Secondly, there is a need to improve company image (Morrow and Rondinelli, 2002), and pressure comes from customers or voters who are interested in less environmentally harmful goods or services (Gale, 1996). Thirdly, an environmental challenge comes from the â€Å"financial, banking and insurance communities who are concerned about the cost of environmenta l accidents or mismanagement† (Gale, 1996). In fact, good environmental management leads to reduced risk which is highly valued by the financial markets (Feldman et al, 1996). 2. Describe the relevance of the First Law of Thermodynamics and the Law of Conservation of Mass to the economic system. The First Law of Thermodynamics is â€Å"the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes†, and the Law of Conservation of Mass is the principle that â€Å"matter cannot be created or destroyed†. These laws apply to the economic system as â€Å"an irreducible whole that develops, maintains, and reproduces, or renews itself be mobilizing material and energy captured from the environment† (Ho, 2005). This is particularly significant to the relationship between the environment and economic systems, as the latter essentially depends on the flow of resources from the natural environment. Therefore, any entropic costs can either be endured by the economic system or the environment. Consequently, â€Å"when the cost of valuable (non-renewable) ecological resources consumed or destroyed are not properly taken into account, the entropic burden falls on the ecological environment rather than on the econo mic system (Ho, 2005). 3. What does the term ‘sustainable development’ mean for industry? The Bruntland Commission’s widely used definition of ‘sustainable development’ is â€Å"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs† (WCED, 1987: 43). It is often argued that this definition is intentionally vague with the intent of creating a consensus. And create a consensus it has – â€Å"no one in their right mind is against sustainable development† (The Economist, 2002) – and many international organizations, national and local governments, and businesses have incorporated the concept into their plans. For industry, the term has extended to â€Å"include the simultaneous consideration of economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity in business planning and decision making† (Rondinelli and Berry, 2000: 1). Many businesses, then, have taken on the concept of sustainable development, and have put into practice business plans that allo w them to meet their needs in the present whilst taking the environment into consideration, thereby ensuring that their industry can continue into the future. Any industry that is really striving for sustainable practices â€Å"must be phasing out its use of substances that are systematically at odds with a sustainable world, while measuring what share of the world’s limited regenerative capacity is occupied by its use of renewable resources† (White, 1999, in OECD, 2001: 11). 4. What are the potential benefits for a company successfully responding to the environmental challenge? The potential benefits (economic and environmental) for a company successfully responding to the environmental challenge are too numerous to include them all, so only a limited selection will be discussed here. Though the resulting environmental benefits may not create direct economic benefits for the company, the policies attract (and keep) customers by â€Å"establishing a strong image of corporate responsibility† (Morrow and Rondinelli, 2002:163). In economic terms, though environmental sensitivity is often viewed as being at odds with cost-effectiveness, a study of organizations that implement Environmental Management Systems (EMS) found that â€Å"the majority believe the benefits outweigh the drawbacks† (Darnall et al, 2001). Some examples of how reacting to the environmental challenge can save companies money are by â€Å"improving efficiency and reducing the costs of energy, materials, fines and penalties† (Morrow and Rondinelli, 2002: 162). As mentioned previously, a company that can reduce their environmental incidents and liabilities not only gains from losing those fines, but also profits from decreasing risk, and becoming more attractive in the financial market. 5. Describe the relative advantages of anticipatory controls over continuing controls. Use examples to illustrate your answer. Environmental controls can be described as mechanisms that are used to limit environmental harm. A fundamental aspect of designing an EMS system is developing the controls that will be used. Environmental aspects (see below) must be identified to determine the â€Å"specific facility operations and activities associated with significant environmental aspects† (The Lexington Group, 2005: 40). From this, appropriate control procedures can be created for each activity to limit environmental impacts. Anticipatory controls are more advantageous than continuing controls because they allow an organization to attempt to avoid environmental harm in the first place, and take into account potential, impending environmental harm. If controls are changed in anticipation of a possible environmental impact, this control can attempt to curb damage before it happens. The alternative is continuing control that only changes after an event causes environmental damage and proves that the controls need to be changed. Given the â€Å"irreversibility† of much environmental damage, the advantage of anticipatory controls seems clear. 6. How would you describe the relationship between environmental aspects and impacts? Use examples to illustrate your answer. The ISO 14001 definition of environmental aspects are â€Å"feature[s] or characteristic[s] of an activity, product or service that affect, or can affect, the environment† (Praxiom Research Group, 2005), and environmental impacts are changes to the environment that can be positive or negative (Praxiom Research Group, 2005). Environmental impacts are produced by environmental aspects. For example, many industries often handle oil or other hazardous materials. When these activities are taking place, a possible environmental aspect is the â€Å"potential for accidental spillage† (The Lexington Group, 2005: 35). The effect of this environmental aspect, or the environmental impact, is the â€Å"contamination of soil or water† (The Lexington Group, 2005: 35). When determining the significance of an environmental aspect, it is important to take into consideration the probability, scale, severity, duration, and cost of reduction, of the environmental impact (The Lexingto n Group, 2005). 7. What is the role of the Environmental Policy and how is it defined by the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO)? An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a â€Å"systematic approach for managing an organization’s environmental issues and opportunities† (The Lexington Group, 2005: 15). The â€Å"heart and soul† (same as last) of the EMS is the â€Å"environmental policy†, defined by the ISO as a â€Å"statement [that] expresses a commitment to the implementation and maintenance of an organization’s environmental management system and the improvement of its overall environmental performance† (Praxiom Research Group, 2005: 1). The role of environmental policy is to prevent any environmental damage, as well as to ensure any industry is observing any legal or other requirements. An environmental policy should also craft environmental goals, and function as a basic framework for action. 8. What training needs should be considered when implementing an environmental management system (EMS)? â€Å"Effective training programs, including those that raise the environmental awareness levels of all people in the organization, are a critically important element in implementing and maintaining the EMS† (The Lexington Group, 2005: 14). A training program must deal with the importance of the environmental policy with all of the employees, as they â€Å"must understand and recognize the commitments† for the EMS to be successful (Anthony, 2001: 4). Additionally, for an EMS to be successful, all employees must appreciate and comprehend their particular roles and responsibilities, as well as the possible â€Å"consequences of not following operating procedures† (The Lexington Group, 2005: 25). Employees of a given organization should be able to associate and understand how their particular function fits into the wider environmental policy (Anthony, 2001). Depending on who uses or has access to the facility, it may also be advisable to train people other than inte rnal staff, or at least raise their awareness of the EMS (Anthony, 2001). 9. What role does audit play within an EMS and what are the key features of a successful audit? An audit within the EMS system is â€Å"a systematic, documented, objective review of the manner in which environmental aspects of a program, project, facility or corporation are being managed† (APPEGA, 2004: 7). The audit is necessary both to determine the design of the EMS at the start, as well as evaluate the progress of the EMS on a continual basis. An environmental audit at the start ensures that an industry has a â€Å"good understanding of its environmental effects before it [designs a] competent strateg[y] to reduce its impact† (OECD, 2001: 41). The EMS audit is a crucial necessity for any facility’s EMS to ensure that the facility is meeting the requirements of the EMS, and that it is being properly executed and sustained (The Lexington Group, 2005). For an audit to be successful, it is vital that it be â€Å"independent, objective and impartial† (Praxiom Research Group, 2005). A sound audit must also concentrate on priorities, such as particular operations that are associated with high risk, or activities that were singled out in a previous audit. 10. How might you gain senior management approval for the implementation of an EMS and why is such approval important? The Lexington Group, a management consulting firm, states that â€Å"gaining the full and complete support of senior management is the single most important challenge in establishing a formal EHS management system in an organization or facility†. Without the full support of the senior management, an EMS is unlikely to succeed. For example, senior management may approve an EMS but not really be committed, with environmental talk being â€Å"rhetoric rather than reality† (The Lexington Group, 2005:47). An EMS may not be a high priority because the senior management does not recognize the potential benefits. Making the case about the benefits of an EMS may be vital to gaining genuine senior management support. Presenting an account of improved community relations, higher employee productivity, reduced safety incidents, and reduced insurance premiums, all within the framework of cost-reduction, may be the means of gaining the necessary senior management approval (The Lexing ton Group, 2005). Works Cited: Anthony, A (2001) ISO 14001 Environmental Policy (4.2), available from: http://www.deq.virginia.gov/ems/pdf/mod5.pdf APPEGA (2004) Guideline for Environmental Practice, available from: http://www.apegga.org/pdf/Guidelines/18.pdf Darnall et al (2001) ‘Environmental management systems: Opportunities for improved environmental and business strategy?’, Environmental Quality Management, 9(3) pp 1-9. The Economist (2002) The Johannesburg Summit: Sustaining the poor’s development, 29 August 2002. Feldman, S, Soyka, P. and Ameer, P (1996) Does Improving a Firm’s Environmental Management System and Environmental Performance Result in a Higher Stock Price?, ICF Kaiser International. Florida, R and Davidson, D (2001) ‘Gaining from Green Management: Environmental management systems inside and outside the factory’, California Management Review, 43 (3) pp 64-65 Gale, R (1996) ISO 14001 to Tackle Green Triangle, available from: www.web.net/ecoeco/iso14000.htm Ho, Mae-Wan (2005) Are Economic Systems Like Organisms?, available from: www.i-sis.org.uk/hannove.php The Lexington Group (2005), Best Practice Guide: Application of ISO 14000 Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) for Municipalities, available from: http://www.iie.org/programs/energy/pdfs/Applic%20ISO%2014000%20for%20Municipalities.pdf Morrow, D and Rondinelli, D (2002) ‘Adopting Corporate Environmental Management Systems: Motivations and Results of ISO 14001 and EMAS Certification’, European Management Journal, 20(2), pp 159-171 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2001) â€Å"Encouraging Environmental Management in Industry†, Science, Technology, Industry – Business and Industry Policy Forum Series, available from: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/10/32/2090553.pdf Praxiom Research Group (2005), ISO 14001 2004 Plain English Definitions, available from www.praxiom.com Rondinelli, D and Berry, M (2000), Environmental citizenship in multinational corporations: social responsibility and sustainable development, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina. WCED (1987) Our Common Future, the Brundtland Report, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Brave New World and Blade Runner: Concern for humanity and its relationship with the natural world

Welcome to the second session of the â€Å"Reach to the Future† student conservation conference. The ethical issues reflected in this graphic are representations of humanity's interaction with nature in two futuristic literary creations; novel â€Å"Brave New World,† by Aldous Huxley, 1932, and film â€Å"Bladerunner: The Director's Cut† directed by Ridley Scott and released in 1992, a decade after its original. It has been in my experience in my post-graduate study of ethics and nature in futuristic texts, that many composers expose technological advancement and economic pressure as origins of environmental degradation. However, Huxley and Scott expand this concept, creating imaginary worlds where technology has also caused a loss of humanity and change in ethical standards. But are the concerns of these worlds purely imaginative? Or have Huxley and Scott simply analysed the advancement of technology and consumerism in their own contexts, in order to create a future world that is dehumanised and unnatural? Consider our context Year 12, and welcome to the future. By deliberately contrasting the setting of the ‘conventional' world state, to the ‘wild' Malpais, Huxley challenges the humanity's value in a genetically engineered world. In Chapter One, we are oriented to the technologically ‘perfect' world state of â€Å"Community. Identity. Stability (BNW, pg. 1) ,† 632 A. F. Imagery like â€Å"Cold for all the summer beyond the panes (BNW, pg. 1),† helps to describe a world that is natural to its inhabitants, but ethically disfigured for readers. However when Bernard and Lenina enter the Malpais in Chapter Seven, we adjust to a world that is similar to ours, yet is deemed â€Å"Queer (BNW, pg. 96)† by Lenina, a product of the genetically engineered World State. A birds eye view, accompanied with sensory imagery of sound, â€Å"rhythm of †¦ heart, (BNW, Pg. 96)† and touch, â€Å"eagle flew †¦ blew chill on their faces, (BNW, Pg. 96)† produces the contrast that enables Huxley to express that science and stability occur at the expense of humanity. This concern was evoked by his father's work in science, and also the 1930's Victorian view that science was developing at the same rate as humanity, later encapsulated in Orwell's novel â€Å"1984. To illustrate the erroneous nature of the contextual view, Huxley presented ethics and a connection with nature in a human, but diseased land that has been marginalised due to global advancement. In our context, scientific advancement at the expense of humanity is questioned in creating ‘designer babies' through IVF. Our ethics, and connection with natural practises are queried when numerous embryos are disposed of in the process of creating one ‘perfect' human. It seems much too like the marginalisation of the Malpais and nature to create a ‘perfect' society in the World State of BNW. Similarly, a contrast of scenes is used in Bladerunner to illustrate Scott's concern that consumerism is a primary cause of inequality in humanity and nature. The atmospheric setting in the opening montage illustrates a pervading darkness, with fearful synthetic sounds and a high camera angle zooming down onto the streets of fiery urban decay titled â€Å"Hades, Los Angeles, 2019. † The bird's eye view, like in BNW presents a dystopic vision, soon contrasted when Deckard visits Rachael at the Tyrell Corporation building. As Deckard's lift ascends, the camera scales the building from a slight angle of depression. The rain and lack of natural light is replaced with a golden glow, and once inside, musical director Vangelis ensures a soundtrack shift to peaceful wind chimes which successfully juxtapose the tranquillity of the corporate elite to the dystopic array of the cityscape. Globalisation, a 1980's contextual fear is expressed through setting as the essence of the destruction of humanity and nature in BR. The ‘little people' in Bladerunner, live with the pollution and unequal spread of resources that globalisation has caused. Similar is our own context, as due to economic globalisation more than half of the female population in Latin America live below the poverty line1. Advanced behavioural conditioning for economic capacity occurs in the World State of BNW, regardless of its effects on nature and humanity, which is another of Huxley's contextual concerns. After learning of ‘hypnopaedia' and the ‘neo-Pavlovian' conditioning of children to ensure an association of pain with nature, the structured juxtaposition of two conversations in Chapter Three further explains Huxley's concern. In Chapter Three, the hypnopaedia of the conditioning centre â€Å"I do love flying†¦ new clothes,(BNW, pg. 43)† is reiterated in Huxley's narration, â€Å"The voices were adapting †¦ future industrial supply (BNW, pg. 43). † This is further expressed in Mond's teachings in the garden as he states â€Å"under production†¦ a crime against society. (BNW, pg. 46)† Through structure, Huxley's concern that manufactured goods are deterring humanity's interaction with nature is unequivocal. Contextually, Huxley is criticizing the era of Fordism and the loss of values experienced in post WW1. Henry Ford, founder of Ford Motors, initiated an era of mass production of goods in the 1920s, advancing society's consumerism. Ford and economists grasped the level of spiritual emptiness apparent after WW1 and suggested purchase as a method of relief. Huxley witnessed human behaviour change as the appreciation of nature was noted as disadvantageous for industry. Huxley's concern advanced to Scott's era as well as our own where globalisation and mass production are the basis of our economy. Furthermore, our current level of technology allows many to live without human interaction, and much human behaviour involves expenditure, not the conservation of nature. Like structure in BNW, Symbolism works in Bladerunner in illustrating behavioural conditioning as detrimental to human behaviour, a concern that continued from Huxley's era to the 1980's. In the opening sequence, a long camera shot places our focus on a symbol of consumerism, epitomised by the ‘geisha' Asian woman ‘pill popping' on an animated billboard. When considering BR's setting, the continual reappearance and placement of the billboard on a skyscraper, Scott typifies consumerism as holding precedence over nature and humanity in Los Angeles, 2019. This consumerism symbolises the rise of the Asian trans-national corporations of the 1980s which was feared as an economic form of communism. The world was constantly reminded of the benefits of purchasing yet was rarely informed about the state of the environment which led to the considerable level of environmental degradation, including acid rain. Today, most developed countries have signed treaties regarding the environment. For example, the ‘UN Kyoto Protocol' urges all developed countries to reduce their Greenhouse Emissions by 5% every five years starting from the year 2008. However, the lack of ratification of this treaty, our material world, and the inescapable nature of advertising are still threats to our environment and also to the natural behaviour of human beings in the year 2004. Each character in BNW has a definite purpose in exploring Huxley's warning about humanity's detachment from the natural world. However, Mustapha Mond further explores Huxley's notion by also articulating the loss of humanity's values in a scientifically advanced setting. Mond is the mouthpiece of the World State, devoid of human values and thus his expressive dialogue and mannerisms clinically justify a society where everything can be standardised, mass produced and therefore stabilised. In Chapter Three, Mond talks with the students about families and the plight that emotional freedom caused in times before ‘Our Ford. Mond devalues emotion as â€Å"reeking (BNW, pg. 35),†and describes natural reproduction, families and monogamy in language â€Å"so vivid†¦ one boy†¦ at the point of being sick. (BNW, pg 32)† Dismissive nonetheless, Mond is merely encapsulating the change in human behaviour that scientific advancement has caused, and therefore communicating Huxley's concern. As Huxley toured Europe before completing BNW, Mond is modelled on post WW1 dictators such as Hitler and Mussolini. His personality also portrays the loss of values and spiritual emptiness experienced by many people in post WW1. In BR, Deckard is devoid of human values like Mond but unlike ‘John the Savage' from BNW, it is a replicant with no connection with nature, who exerts human values in Bladerunner. The rise of robotics in the 1980's influenced the character of Batty, and also Deckard. Batty exemplifies the ‘human robot' that science dreamed of in the 1980's, whereas, Deckard symbolises the loss of humanity that ethicists feared because of robotics. Roy Batty's â€Å"more human than human† genetic disposition allows him to exert intelligence, evident in his quotations of Blake â€Å"fiery the angels fell†¦ their shoulders roared,† and to exert physical duress, but only in the course of his four year life span. In the last scenes of the film, Batty's heightened self awareness and desire for emotion and life surpass his genetic limitations casting him as a Christ figure and also a fallen angel as he looks fruitlessly to his creator for a sense of meaning. With his final words, â€Å"Memories †¦ ost like tears in the rain,† Roy is cast as a tragic hero, and allows Scott to illustrate that when there is no longer an environment to exploit, like in the world in LA, 2019, those who possess desirable qualities will be oppressed, this ultimately leaving the world more inhumane. In our context, the empathy we feel for Batty, questions our ethics, asking what makes us human. Huxley skilfully satirises the social construct of the 1930's using ‘Soma' to express his concern for the conditioning of humanity against nature. The World State in London is a strangely benevolent dictatorship through Mond, where all aspects of an individual's life are determined and controlled by the state in the name of, â€Å"Community. Identity. Stability (BNW, pg. 1). † Another way to ensure stability is the encouraged use of the mind-numbing drug ‘Soma'. In the Malpais, Chapter Nine, Lenina â€Å"embarked for lunar eternity(BNW, pg. 127) † on an eighteen hour soma holiday to escape the reality of nature and humanity. ‘Soma' satirises the post WW1 regimes of Totalitarianism throughout Europe. The doctrine of Totalitarianism denied people intellectual stimulation, freedom of thought and a relationship with nature. Huxley introduces ‘Soma' to show a future world where the denial of a relationship with nature can be self induced. In BR's 1980's context, severe industrial pollution and urbanisation resulted in the detachment of people from nature In 2004, though Totalitarianism is a violation of basic human rights, many people choose to deny themselves' a qualitative relationship with nature by choosing to live in environmentally isolated, but grossly populated urban areas. The use of contextual irony in Bladerunner is contrasting to the use of satire in BNW as Scott's irony questions the ethical behaviour of humanity regarding technology. In the 1980's, robotics and computers were the result of technological advance, and robots were promised to take the place of humans in the workforce. In Bladerunner, Ridley Scott epitomises technology and humanity through the Nexus-6 Replicants, who are â€Å"more human than human† Human beings in Bladerunner live as second class citizens in desolate, socially inept conditions as we see J. F Sebastian and Deckard both living in solitude. Humanity in 2019 has no sense of the value of interaction, and consequently Ridley Scott placed the capacity for these human qualities in the Replicants. Ironically though, when the Replicants begin to show human emotion and need, such as Batty's need to ‘meet his maker,' they are ‘retired' by the human, by ultimately inhuman character, Deckard. This irony illustrates Scott's concern for a scientifically advanced world, with a dismal appreciation of human qualities and value. The same concern is expressed in the 1997 futuristic popular culture film, â€Å"Gattaca,† where your personality is irrelevant as genetic composition guarantees an you an occupation. Huxley and Scott have established quite a few concerns for our future. Strangely though, they have also warned about issues that are in need of conservation now. Again, close your eyes and imagine the natural world that you want in the future. Consider our context year 12, and help to create an ethically harmonious world for the future.

Similarities of Different Styles of Writing

Title: Similarities of Different Styles of Writing Similarities of Different Styles of Writing Most recently, I have read many different short stories and poems. The three works that stuck out to me the most are, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner, â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day† written by William Shakespeare, and â€Å"The Cathedral† written by Raymond Carver. Although there are different writers and poets, we are able to find similarities in the text through interpretation. A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"The Cathedral† is told in third person. The third person point of view is when the narrator relates all information in third person. The short story will often use third person pronouns like â€Å"he† or â€Å"she. † The narrator in â€Å"The Cathedral† is consistently describing his wife and the blind man’s actions. Craver is also sure to provide great detail in the emotions that are supposed to be felt. Ignorance, for one, â€Å"My idea of blindness came from the movies. In the movies, the blind moved slowly and never laughed† (1977, Craver).A Rose for Emily† is told from the viewpoint of an unknown townsman. â€Å"When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the mean through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the woman mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no save an old-manservant—a combined gardener and cook—had seen in at least ten years† (1929, Faulkner). Besides being told in third person, the main similarity that I recognize is how people react to others.The narrator in â€Å"The Cathedral† was fascinated, for lack of a better description, about a blind man named Robert; to the point where he was not looking forward to the Robert staying in his house. When I was reading this story it seemed as if the narrator did not even understand how his wife coul d be friends with someone who cannot see. When Miss Emily passed away the women in the town went to her funeral because they had not seen the inside of her house. It also seemed as if Miss Emily did not leave her house for many years.Miss Emily seemed to be one of those scary neighbors that we have seen in the movies, not too sound like the narrator in â€Å"The Cathedral†. Both of these short stories are familiar to life. When Faulkner writes about Miss Emily speaking to the City Hall about taxes, this rang true to me. I, myself, have had to discuss taxes with the city hall. When the narrator in â€Å"The Cathedral† made an off color comment to his wife about Robert this also rang true to me, â€Å"maybe I can take him bowling† (1977, Craver). Growing up with my brother, there was always an off colored comment.He is ten years older than me always tried to ruffle my feathers. It is sometimes easier to interpret short stories. There seems to be more of a preface and description. When it comes to poetry, I feel that interpretation is using your imagination or creative side. â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day† is fourteen lines long but it says so much, as if it was a story about love. â€Å"But thy eternal summer shall not fade† or as I read it, my love will never die (1609, Shakespeare). To me, poetry is formed with non descriptive words that tell a story, mood, or feeling.The main difference between a short story and poem is the length of the reading or its format. â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day† is written in sonnet style. Most poets use rhyme in set form. From my understanding this can be called a sonnet. Authors who are writing a short story do not think about making anything rhyme; however, I can still find similarities in a poem and short story. For example, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† talks about feeling. I felt one of the points being made in A Rose for Emily† was n ot to judge.I also interpreted that just because someone is different does not mean that they cannot find love. Miss Emily found love. Does the title of Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† mean this is a memoriam of Emily’s life? William Shakespeare is timeless writer. Not only did he write poetry but he is also a Play Right. Shakespeare wrote plays that I remember acting out as a child or reading in school, such as Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet. I personally feel that Shakespeare wrote a lot about love. Of course I am a sucker for love stories so I instantly gravitate to his work.Shakespeare, Carver, and Faulkner are all from different generations. Each writer has made a name for himself with words. These three men had a completely different up bringing; times differed morally as well. Similarities between these three gentlemen can also vary by person. I found that the two stories and poem had humanity in them. Everyone feels love, everyone is nosey, a nd unfortunately, everyone has stereotypes.References DiYanni, R. , 2007. Literature, Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. McGraw-Hill, Higher Education, New York, New York.

Gender Socialization Social Expectations And Attitudes...

Every day we come across advertisements, many of them revolve around gender and gender socialization. Gender socialization is â€Å"the process of learning the social expectations and attitudes associated with one’s gender† (Chegg). Our book discusses gender socialization regarding the expectations for masculinity and femininity (Wood 2015). Most companies use these expectations to create their advertisements, but some companies contradict the expectations to create a different vision for gender advertisements. The gendered advertisement campaign that I’m going to analyze focuses on putting a stop to littering. The advertisement consists of pictures of both a man and woman and is designed where the company is comparing what a man would say versus what a woman would say about littering. Key adjectives were expressed in both the man’s and woman’s message to show the gendered differences. On the side of the advertisement with the man, it says, Bin your litter, it s the smart thing to do.† Whereas the side of the advertisement with the woman says, â€Å"Bin your litter, it’s a pretty quick thing to do.† The adjectives smart and pretty bring out the gendered differences in this advertisement campaign. I believe that the adjective â€Å"smart† was placed on the side of the advertisement with the guy because they are considered to be smarter because of their gender. The adjective â€Å"pretty† was placed on the other side of the advertisement with the woman because women are held to that standardShow MoreRelatedThe Study Of Body Image1572 Words   |  7 PagesThe study of body image is a broad topic that touches many subjects including gender. However, the study of body image has been focused mainly on females. This is because the physical shape and image of male bodies have not changed over the history. 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Will the child be dressed in frilly pink dresses or in blueRead MoreSexual, Gender, And Gender964 Words   |  4 Pagesidentity male or female while gender refers to social expectation and behaviors assigned to each sex, but not everyone conform this expectation we can say that gender is based on self-concept and the way we interact with others this is formed through social life(family ,friends , religion , media†¦)where a lot of behaviors are shaped through what is socially accepted and what is not which for example even though many people are not naturally born into these gender expectation there is a strong set ofRead MoreGender, Race, And Ethnicity And Power Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagesdiverse society, individuals may have different life experiences to one another. While some individuals have positive viewpoints in the society, others may differ in an negative aspect. 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Difference in the number of male and female individuals studying maths and science is a consequence of the continued normative social construction of gender, social prejudice ensured through, but noRead MoreGender Roles Of Men And Women Have Been Present In Society1418 Words   |  6 PagesGender roles of men and women have been present in society for a number of years, and the traditional roles have stuck through all the cultural changes. What about the people who do not identify themselves with their born gender but, instead another? How are they a ffected by how society sees them for not conforming to the traditional gender roles? Transgender people are faced with many judgements from their community based on how they identify themselves, their actions and how they express themselvesRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Female And Male Identity1720 Words   |  7 Pages The term gender refers to the social construction of female and male identity. It can be defined as more than biological differences between men and women. It includes the ways in which those differences, whether real or perceived, have been valued, used and relied upon to classify women and men and to assign roles and expectations to them. (Henslin, 2012). The significance of this is that the lives and experiences of women and men, including their experience of the legal system, occur withinRead MoreHow Emotions Can Be Conditioned And Affected By Social And Cultural Factors2944 Words   |  12 Pagesconditioned and affected by social and cultural factors, resulting in gender differences in emotional expression. Stereotypes about gender and emotion are pervasive, particularly the narrative of the over emotional woman and the unemotional man. Furthermore, specific emotions are associated with women and men (e.g. sadness and happiness are a woman’s domain, and anger and pride a re associated with men). To understand the present research and findings on the relationship between gender and emotion, it is necessary