Edward Said s Critique Of Orientalism Essay - 1777 Words

SHORT ANSWERS What are the key features of Edward Said s critique of Orientalism? Said’s critique of Orientalism is based upon the way Western scholars in the 19th and 20th century represented the East as inferior and as the ‘other’. He believes their views are based upon imperialism and a clash of cultures. Firstly imperialism, as Western countries were the invading forces that conquered the East. He says through this lens all art, writing and any other depiction of Islamic societies at the time was framed within the context of an occupying force which had no permission to be there or to study the way in which people lived. Therefore, Islamic societies were portrayed as backwards, exotic, dangerous and uncivilised. The West was to help them to become civilised through their rule. He also critiques orientalism as Muslims are portrayed as the ‘other’ — the antithesis to Western culture. Said criticised Orientalists for believing Islam is the single differentiating factor between the East and the West. For Said, Orientalists o nly focus on Islam, ignoring every other facet of society because they are too obsessed with the notion there is a complete dichotomy between the East and West — that there is a clash of cultures and they are too different to coexist. He believes this way of looking at Islamic societies doesn’t capture their essence, but is only good when it comes to understand how the West views the East. What is Islamophobia and where doesShow MoreRelatedEdward Saids Theory Of Orientalism1561 Words   |  7 Pagestheory of Orientalism was made popular by Edward Said in his 1978 work ‘Orientalism: Western Concepts of the Orient’. This essay will examine an Orientalist approach to specific countries’ people and religions. For the purpose of this essay I will focus on Orientalism in relation to the religion of Islam and the country of Thailand. In addition to this, also discussed will be the criticisms and successive philosophical challenges to Orientalism. First it is important to define Said’s Orientalism itselfRead MoreMansfield Park; Empire Orientalism from Edward Said Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesSummarise Edward Said’s argument in his essay ‘Jane Austen and Empire’ and then show whether you support or refute it. Edward Said’s analysis of Jane Austen’s narrative in her 3rd novel ‘Mansfield Park’ (1814) is based on his own studies of ‘orientalism’. This term is defined by Said as a variety of false assumptions /depictions of Eastern people within Western attitudes. This is achieved, he argues, through the literary discourse provided by post-enlightenment, post-colonial American/EuropeanRead MoreSoyinka s Ngugi Wa Thiong O : An Anthology Of Recent Criticism1752 Words   |  8 PagesIn his memoir, Out of Place (1999), Edward Said notes that, ‘Each of the places I lived in—Jerusalem, Cairo, Lebanon, the United States—has a complicated, dense web of valences that was very much a part of growing up, gaining an identity, forming my consciousness of myself and of others’ (13-14). Incidentally, post-spatiality differs significantly from the Kantian theorization of space as something crystallised into the fabrics of temporality. In hi s Critique of Pure Reason (1781) Kant has privilegedRead MorePacific Geopolitics During The 21st Century1788 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Review Critically discuss Edward Said’s key points/arguments (from Orientalism) and the extent to which these are relevant to the Pacific. Hayley Catlow Introduction Orientalism tries to answer the question of why, when we think of the Orient, we have a preconceived notion of what kind of people live there, what they believe, and how they act; even when we may have never been there or met anyone from there. Said argues that the way we acquire this knowledgeRead MoreThe European Fever Of Colonial Aspiration1492 Words   |  6 PagesEmpires such as ‘Pax Romana, Pax Britanica, Pax Hispanica, Pax Mongolica, and so forth. The foundations of these Empires are written by people who live in the imperial countries. In his book, The History of the Decline and Fall of Roman Empire (2000), Edward Gibbon manifests that: ‘The obedience of the Roman world was uniform voluntary and permanent [....] The vast Roman Empire was governed by absolute power under the guidance of virtue and wisdom’ (Gibbon, 2000: 30). The assumption of the Empires’ goodRead More Human Trafficking and the International Sex Industry Essay3304 Words   |  14 P agesprostitution to pay off their smuggling debts (Kwong, 2001). Many governments have long promoted s ex tourism as a way of generating revenue. Migration for commercial sex work rose significantly in the 1960s and 1970s, with the establishment of U.S military bases in Thailand and neighboring countries (Skrobanek, Boonpakdee, Jantaeero, 1998). As the U. S military bases extended into Asia in the 1960 ’s women from poor families were encouraged to prostitute themselves for a source of income to supportRead More Outside the Teaching Machine by Gayatri Spivak2753 Words   |  11 PagesIt is hardly debatable that Edward W. Said’s Orientalism (1978) has been the foundational text of what has come to be known as postcolonial studies. In the book, Said charts the Western world’s construction(s) of â€Å"an inferior East† by underscoring how the authorizing/ authoritative â€Å"Occident† continues to produce an objectified and negatively stereotyped â€Å"Orient;† Drawing on Foucault’s concept of â€Å"discourse† and Gramsci’s notion of â€Å"hegemony,† Said traces the evolution of European power/ knowledgeRead MoreThe Origins of Occidentalism2305 Words   |  10 PagesTo answer the question posed it necessary to first consider the development of, and what constitutes the West. Once this is achie ved, we are than able to discuss occidentalism. However, the concept of orientalism, and what constitutes the orient, will first be considered as, arguably, orientalism provoked occidentalism. Thereafter, the four key features of occidentalism, identified by Buruma and Margalit (2004) will be discussed. Contemporary notions of ociddentalism, more specifically IslamicRead MoreHow Race And Power Can Take Shape Into Different Forms3222 Words   |  13 Pageswhether that’s through converting their faith as shown in Columbus’s journal, or educating them in Western values as demonstrated in Kipling’s poem. This is touched upon in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness in which the narrator, Marlow, heavily critiques how colonisers justify their actions. He suggests that the ‘idea’ behind it, that it is somehow a noble thing to do, helps to redeem them. For example, Europeans justified the colonisation of Africa by claiming that as well as bringing wealth toRead MoreAnalysis Of Marlow s Heart Of Darkness Essay2381 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"And this also, said Marlow suddenly, ``has been one of the dark places of the Earth. (Conrad) Are the first words spoken aloud by Marlow in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Marlow goes on the say that he was thinking about the Roman conquerors who came to England 1900 years ago. This comparison that Marlow divulges into in the beginnings of his story frames this story and what it intends to cover in its subject matter. Marlow begins here his only overt characterization of imperialism.

How Jim s Self Concept Impacted His Interaction With His...

Jim’s see himself as not ever going to get A’s this can be from low self-esteem. He does not have faith in himself that he could do it with the right amount of help and studying. He also self-doubts his ability to do better, he believes his parent’s expectations are unrealistic due to not having faith in himself. Jim has himself so convinced that no matter how much he studies it won’t ever be enough, this could be due to his father. â€Å"People elevate our self-concept when they admire our strengths and accomplishments and accept our weaknesses and problems without discounting us† (Wood, 2012, pg 43). 2. Explain, using examples from the video and course concepts, how Jim’s self-concept impacted his interaction with his father. Was it positive or negative? I would say negative do to the fact that that he is not standing up for himself and explaining himself, nor is he asking for help. He thinks so highly of his dad and so low of himself he can’t seem to stand up to his father. Jim thinks his dad had it easy but in school but if he would have a real conversation with his father about school, he might see his Dad had these same issues. His perception of his father is wrong by believing he had is so easy in school, that his just cruised through his college due to being a brilliant person (Wood, 2012). When Jim is around his father he tends to feel down about himself. â€Å"When we’re around people who put us down, we’re more aware our weakness and less confident of what we canShow MoreRelatedTeacher Action Research Paper on Reading Deficiencies in 2nd Grad e Students12146 Words   |  49 Pages Evidence was collected and documented through the use of a student survey, a parent survey, a teacher survey, and running records. The purpose of the student survey was to gain insight on the students’ perceptions of the importance of reading and how well they understood what they read. The purpose of the parent survey was to gain insight on the parents’ perceptions of their family’s reading habits at home The purpose of the teacher survey was to gain insight regarding other teachers’ perceptionsRead Moretruett cathy8608 Words   |  35 PagesAmerican National Business Hall of Fame, ANBHF S. Truett Cathy S. Truett Cathy Chick-Fil-A Home Laureates THE CHICK-FIL-A-STORY Fellows Journal Research Program Education Program Selection Program Museum About Contact Slide Shows Board Members Business Ethics and Social Responsibility by Dr. Richard E. Hattwick Professor of Economics (Retired) Western Illinois University Truett Cathys career story belongs in a collection of biographies labeled Christian Business LeadersRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesContemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. Leadership is a Process, Not a Position 51 51 70 1. Leadership is Everyone’s Business 2. Interaction between the Leader, the Followers the Situation Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 11. Leadership: Exerting Influence and Power 94 94 Text Palmer−Dunford−Akin †¢ Managing Organizational Change 2. Images of ManagingRead MoreDubais Political and Economic Development: Essay38738 Words   |  155 Pagesexpatriate group and make up $4.5 percent of the private sector according to official statistic^.^ ~ o sof these people perform menial jobs in the service and t construction industriese3Expatriate Arabs form another 9.4 percent of the citys s.~ workforce and the remaining 1.9 percent are ~ u r o ~ e a nThe reason that so many foreign workers have flocked to Dubai is quite simple - to make money. Although lowpaying jobs hammering steel and cleaning floors may not sound very appealing, theyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesyou will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writingRead MoreCOMM292 Case Studies23202 Words   |  93 Pages............................ ...............23 2. TEAMWORK TURMOIL Tony Marshall, a second-year learning team mentor, stared at his notes again. His interaction with the team last night confirmed what he suspected. Only three weeks into the first year of an MBA program at a big-name school in the eastern United States, the learning team was in trouble. From his own experience the year before, Marshall knew that a first-rate learning team made a huge difference in a student’s first-year experienceRead Moreeconomic15014 Words   |  61 PagesMaking: SunWest Foods Improved Bottom Line References Learning Outcomes â‘   Describe various types of functional systems and how they support managers and workers at the operational level. â‘ ¡ Define how manufacturing, production, and transportation information systems enable organizational processes and support supply chain operations and logistics. â‘ ¢ Explain how sales and marketing information systems support advertising, market research, intelligence gatheringRead More25 Case Studies with Reaction Paper15531 Words   |  63 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 CASE 6: MILANO’S PIZZA †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 CASE 7: PLOWING THE SOUTH FORTY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....16 CASE 8: FUNCTIONING UNDER FEMALE CHIEF EXECUTIVE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..19 CASE 9: EMPLOYEES REACT TO PAY CUTS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...21 CASE 10: HOW TO MANAGE A LIBRARY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...22 CASE 11: VIVEK HAS COMMUNICATION PROBLEM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..25 CASE 12: GE’S WORK-OUT †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..25 CASE 13: MR. ALOK BANARJEE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..27 CASE 14: MR. VICE CHANCELLOR NEEDS LEARNING THROUGHRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesin marketing Page No. Marketing management – an introduction Unit structure: 1. Introduction 2. Learning Objectives 3. Marketing Management 3.1. Evolution of marketing management 3.2. The Role of Marketing 3.3. Marketing concepts 3.4. The Marketing Mix (The 4 P s Of Marketing) 3.5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the MarketingRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesusers, I hope the book will meet your full expectations and be an effective instructional tool. Although case books abound, you and your students may find this somewhat unique and very readable, a book that can help transform dry and rather remote concepts into practical reality, and lead to lively class discussions, and even debates. In the gentle environment of the classroom, students can hone their analytical skills and also their persuasive skills—not selling products but selling their ideas—and

Documentaries Essay Research Paper In the final free essay sample

Documentaries Essay, Research Paper In the concluding old ages of the 20th century, rare is the docudrama that attracts mass audiences or attending. At a clip when people get to declare their desire for amusement in a battalion of media, the destiny of the non-fiction movie that attempts to state a true narrative is non a happy 1. But there are docudramas that win at the box office and even achieve position as popular menu, largely either by appealing to a specialised audience of sufficient size, or taking a point of position that mass audiences can associate to comfortably and easy. A brilliant illustration of the former is The Sorrow and the Pity ( 1970 ) , Marcel Ophuls 4? -hour history of life in France during World War II under the Nazi and collaborator governments, which non merely became a major international hit, but was so familiar to filmgoers that Woody Allen was able to utilize it as a familiar mention point in his most successful image, Annie Hall ( The Sorrow And The Pity is the film that Allen s Alvy an d Diane Keaton s Annie are be aftering on seeing ) . The best recent illustration of the latter is Michael Moore s 1987 hit Roger A ; Me, a movie picturing Moore s attempts to face General Motors president Roger Smith about the policies that led to the loss of 40,000 occupations in Flint, Michigan. The docudrama has its roots in the film-going wonts of the early 20th century, when audiences were willing to look at about any decently made ( and frequently not-so-decently-made ) ocular stuff in film theatres. In the yearss before telecasting, theatres were expected to demo non merely characteristic movies, but a broad scope of recreations for their frequenters, sometimes including unrecorded amusement every bit good as films. During the 1890s, the huge bulk of movies shown in theatres were of a non-fiction nature, covering existent events. By the beginning of the 20th century, manufacturers had begun showing short films picturing or re-creating events, basically fragmental newsreels, and occasional longer movies covering with famed eve nts, particularly recent calamities. The most noteworthy of these movies in America was D.W. Griffith s 1914 Life of Villa, which assorted footage of existent events and dramatic Reconstructions to state the narrative of the famed Mexican Rebel leader Pancho Villa. World War I was the first war in which motion-picture cameras were available to capture events and for which a film audience existed # 8212 ; the film industries of most of the combatant states produced propaganda movies warranting their several functions in the struggle. Actual footage shooting in France during the contending managed to do its manner into D.W. Griffith s play Hearts Of the World ( 1918 ) , but the film itself was a fictional play covering with endurance in a Gallic small town under German business. By the terminal of the teens, every major studio had a newsreel unit that specialized in capturing intelligence events on movie and forging the stuff into five-minute digests for distribution to theatres. The documental # 8212 ; the word derives from the Gallic term documentaire, mentioning to go movies # 8212 ; as we know it began in 1922 with manager Robert Flaherty s Nanook of the North, which told the narrative of an Eskimo s endurance. Although it was subsequently revealed that some of the stuff was manipulated by Flaherty, the dramatic power of this true narrative was undeniable, and the movie was widely seen and honored. Other major docudramas of the 1920s included Grass ( 1925 ) , by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack ( later responsible together for King Kong and The Most Dangerous Game ) and Chang ( 1927 ) , and Flaherty s Moana ( 1926 ) . In Russia, nevertheless, the documental to the full came into its ain, highlighted by such plants as Sergei Eisenstein s October/Ten Days That Shook The World ( 1928 ) . The 1930s saw the coming of docudramas with political intents and specific dockets in the United States and England. Apart from the newsreel industry, which by so h ad crews working in apparently every corner of the Earth ( the 1938 Clark Gable action/comedy Too Hot To Handle gives a good representation of what the concern was like ) , both the American and British authoritiess sponsored films intended to convey of import societal issues place to audiences. England created the General Post Office ( or GPO ) Film Unit as a agency for bring forthing non-fiction movies such as BBC # 8211 ; The Voice of Britain ( 1935 ) and Night Mail ( 1936 ) , which were among the most famed docudramas of the decennary. In America, Pare Lorentz s The Plow That Broke The Plains ( 1936 ) dramatized the crisis confronting husbandmans from dirt preservation, and The River ( 1937 ) dealt with eroding in the Mississippi River basin. Flaherty worked in England, where, in add-on to doing docudramas such as Industrial Britain ( 1932 ) , he was hired by Alexander Korda s London Films to hit a film in India # 8212 ; this stuff was taken by Korda and reshaped into the dram atic movie Elephant Boy ( 1937 ) , which was a major hit and made a star out of a immature histrion named Sabu. Possibly the most famed and controversial docudramas of the period, nevertheless, came from Germany during the Nazi government and from the work of Leni Riefenstahl, an ex-dancer who turned to directing in 1932. Riefenstahl was responsible for Triumph of the Will ( 1935 ) , a documental picturing a 1934 Nazi mass meeting in Nuremburg, and Olympiad ( 1936 ) , a dramatic passage of the 1936 Berlin Olympics. The coming of World War II saw an detonation of involvement in docudramas in America and England. The American part came from the military, in the pretense of movies such as the Why We Fight series. Made under the supervising of manager Frank Capra for the intent of indoctrinating freshly drafted military personnels over the demand for their engagement in the war, these films proved so effectual, that they were finally made available to the populace at big and explained m any facets of the history taking up to the war, the involvements of the different states involved, and the countries of concern that they shared with the United States. The British gov ernment began making documentaries within 30 days of the declaration of war, dealing with just about every permutation of the war, from Englands readiness for war (The Lion Has Wings, 1939) to the need for secrecy (Next of Kin) and morale boosters intended for domestic and overseas audiences such as London Can Take It and Diary For Timothy. In England, many new directors, including Carol Reed, showed their potential in the making of wartime documentaries (although established filmmakers like Alfred Hitchcock also made films supporting the war effort), while in America, it was old veterans such as John Ford (The Battle of Midway, 1942), John Huston (Report From The Aleutians, 1943), and William Wyler (The Memphis Belle, 1944 — which later became the basis for the dramatic film of the same name from 1990) who distinguished themselves. And some of their work, such as John Hustons Let There Be Light 1945), depicting the recovery of combat fatigue victims, was considered too stro ng for viewing by the general public at the time and was not seen for several decades afterward. The end of World War II brought an end to massive government investment in documentary production and coincided with a general withdrawal of activity in non-fiction film work as many of the studio newsreel units found their budgets cut back. The growth of local and network television news during the 1950s and early 1960s wiped out the domestic audience for newsreels, although private industry occasionally sponsored documentary features, such as Standard Oils backing of Flahertys The Louisiana Story (1948). The advent of the so-called Atomic Age, and the publics unfamiliarity with nuclear weapons and nuclear power fostered the making of numerous films meant to reassure them about the former and sell them on the latter. Many of the most over-the-top examples of these films were assembled by directors Kevin Rafferty, Jayne Loader, and Pierce Rafferty into a documentary of their own entitled The Atomic Cafe (1982), which had ferociously political fun at the expense of the originals lies and half-truths about the hazards of atomic warfare and the ways of surviving nuclear attack — The Atomic Cafe became a major box-office hit and was heavily distributed in theaters, on television, and on home video. By the end of the 1950s and the beginning of the 1960s, television had become the source of most documentary activity. The CBS News production Harvest of Shame (1959), depicting the plight of migrant workers in America, became the model for network activity in this area, and the years that followed, with the advent of the Vietnam War and the so-called war on poverty, generated television specials dealing with American actions overseas and poverty within our own borders. War has always been an especially compelling subject for documentaries, beginning with the World War II Navy celebration/tribute series Victory At Sea during the 1950s and continuing through such progr amming as CBSs World War I, narrated by Robert Ryan, up through Thames Televisions The World At War (probably the best World War II documentary series there is), narrated by Laurence Olivier, and American Public Televisions 1980s series Vietnam: A Television History. The latter also proved extremely controversial, as various political figures on the right demanded (and were ultimately granted) equal time to respond to what they perceived as the programs left-wing, anti-American slant. In theaters, however, the documentary virtually disappeared, apart from exceptions such as Marcel Ophuls The Sorrow And The Pity, which, despite its four-hour-plus running time, became a major hit around the world. Audiences no longer looked to the theatrical film experience as one that was supposed to educate as well as entertain; to reach modern filmgoers, documentary filmmakers discovered that they had to do both. The Rafferty/Loader/Rafferty film The Atomic Cafe did so, using gallows humor and poli tics as a hook that drew millions of people to it. At the other end of the decade, Michael Moore created an even larger splash with his delightfully deadpan, devastating Roger Me, which skewered General Motors and chairman Roger Smith, as well as numerous other targets and by-standers. Moores technique, apart from an unflappable demeanor even in the most ridiculous situations with the camera rolling, seems mostly to involve letting the camera roll, and permitting people to speak their minds and, often as not, make fools of themselves, all with the purpose of questioning the way the public and the conventional media present information and stories. When Moores movie was nominated for an Oscar, however, controversy erupted from the ranks of more traditional documentary filmmakers, who questioned whether the movie was really a documentary or, in fact, a comedy using documentary techniques. Additionally, some political pundits on the Right cited the nomination of Roger Me as evidence of Hollywoods anti-business attitude. They questioned whether a movie that takes a specific political point-of-view should be judged as a documentary. Actually, the picture was just damned funny and raised real questions about the motivations of General Motors, Smith, and the various players in the farce surrounding Flint, Michigans decline. Their criticism ignored the fact that virtually every feature-length documentary from the 1930s and 1940s that is still remembered today took its sponsors point-of-view, whether it was teaching farmers about soil conservation for the government, justifying our entry into World War II on the side of the British and the Soviet Union, or presenting Standard Oil as an enlightened steward of the land in The Louisiana Story. Moore — an iconoclastic filmmaker with a background that indicates a keen appreciation for making waves, including a stint writing for Mother Jones magazine — didnt seem to suffer from the controversy, however, and h as since been given access to prime-time on the NBC network, as well as other film opportunities.

Supply Chain Management in the Fashion Industry

Introduction A supply chain is a network that demands from all parties that are involved to satisfy the customer’s request. As a rule, every single stakeholder, starting from suppliers and product developers up to warehouses, investors and customers, is taken into account when developing a supply chain network for a particular company.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Management in the Fashion Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Traditionally, a supply chain is supposed to function as the tool for new products and services development and promotion, production process improvement, supervision and operation, customer service facilitation, marketing development, financial strategies creation and supply processes improvement. This paper focuses on Louis Vuitton and attempts to cover three critical business factors. This paper is also aimed at mapping out Louis Vuitton’s supply chain, at identifying and making recommendations for addressing the most significant problems in the management of Louis Vuitton supply chain, and calculating the losses that the company incurs due to unsold products and from sold-outs, and defining the net gains that the company can expect from adopting air freight for the shipping of all its products. Mapping the Supply Chain of the Company. Product Flows and Lead Time Mapping the supply chain is significant in a number of ways. It aids the company in clarifying to its employees their specific responsibilities. Supply chain mapping makes it clear that performance received from the completion of tasks does not depend on an individual. It also helps to create a baseline that the company can use as a means to measure the effects of any new enhancement effort (Lichocik Sadowski 2013, p. 10). The company’s supply chain structure comprises of manufacturing, logistics, distribution, and marketing, sponsoring and communication. Manufact uring Louis Vuitton has split its business into four key product lines: leather goods, shoes, designer clothes and accessories. Leather goods include mainly bags and luggage, the majority of which were not made primarily using leather. Leather goods are at the core of the company business. The shoe designs produced by the company are vastly seasonal, and most of the shoe models had to be redesigned frequently, in some cases almost twice a year. The model clothes produced by the company come in two collections annually. One collection is specifically designed for the winter, and the other one is for the summer. The company is highly diversified and ventures into the production of accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, eyeglasses and writing accessories.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The accessories produced, though admittedly versatile, have a very short lifecycle . Out of its 17 factories, Louis Vuitton uses 7 of its factories to manufacture leather goods. Five of these factories are located in France. The other two are in the United States and Spain (Moatti, Dussage 2007, p. 50). Logistics A single Louis Vuitton warehouse located in Cergy-Pontoise, France is the centralized logistics base for all the plants. All the goods manufactured in the company’s plants, in Europe, are forwarded to this logistics center. These products remain in Cergy-Pontoise for about a month. This logistics center takes care of all the organization management and flow of inventory. It also handles damaged, faulty, out-of-fashion and unsold products. Louis Vuitton relies on a restricted number of highly specialized suppliers for most of their raw materials. They are mainly based in France, and few of them are from neighboring European countries. The key raw materials are leather and canvas. The time needed to deliver the raw materials varies from 6 to 8 weeks depending on the distance to be covered. The company avoids delays caused by long transportations by maintaining a 2  ½ month supply inventory of raw material. Most of the manufacturing is retained in France because of the label â€Å"made in France,† which is thought to be considered as very valuable by some customers, especially those who reside in Asia. The factory in the US caters for the domestic market (Moatti, Dussage 2007, p. 52). However; most of the Louis Vuitton products sold in the US are still imported. The company occasionally outsources when capacity is exceedingly tight. Distribution In the supply chain, the stores owned by Louis Vuitton control the largest share of the company’s sales. These stores have all the major product categories. Although their products can be found in all over the globe, most of the company owned retail stores are located in Europe, US and Japan. The total number of Louis Vuitton outlets grew from 240 in 1998 to 340 in 2005 . The company also leases specific sections to departmental stores. The company has been expanding its retail network to new geographical locations. In 2004, it opened stores in Russia and India, and launched a 900 square meter Louis Vuitton store in Tokyo.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Management in the Fashion Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 2004, it expanded to Africa and opened a new store in South Africa. This was closely trailed by the addition of new stores in China and Japan. Subsequently, the following year, in 2005, the company launched new stores in Las Vegas, Hong Kong, Okinawa and Beijing and expanded its leading store in Paris to 1,600 square meters (Karen 2014, p. 30). On a monthly basis, all the store managers come up with an estimation of the replenishment requirements and place orders with the company’s chief logistics center. The orders are then recorded and processed, and the availability of the requested products and accessories is checked. After confirmation, shipping is organized. Traditionally, all the shipping requirements used to be carried out using boats. Recently, the company has started to resort to using airfreight in an attempt to speed up delivery (Moatti, Dussage, 2007). Marketing, sponsoring and communication Since Louis Vuitton deals with luxury goods, the company requires significant investment in their marketing, media coverage and sponsorship. In 2005, the company increased the marketing budget by 20%. Overall, the expense incurred from advertising accounted for only 5% of the sales. 70% of the adverting was spent on image enhancement. S marketing strategies that went on advertisements featured celebrities as the brand managers. The company was also involved in sponsoring prestigious events as a part of their advisement campaign. The remaining percentage of the advertisement capital was directed towards supporting t he introduction of new Louis Vuitton products into the market. This was vital for the firm, especially in the promotion of new seasonal products that need vigorous marketing in order to maximize sales during the first months following their introduction to the market. Louis Vuitton has also invested heavily in fighting illegal imitation of its products (Moatti, Dussage 2007, p. 60). The Most Important Problems in the Supply Chain Management Problems There are various significant problems that plague the management of the company. The first and the most important issue is the delay in the supply of the key raw material, i.e., leather. It takes about 6-8 weeks before major supplies can be delivered. This means that the company has to maintain an inventory of 2  ½ months of raw material (Moatti, Dussage, 2007).This is a significant problem since the company incurs extra cost in maintaining and storing such vast amounts of inventory for long periods. On various occasions, the availabi lity of the products was down. This is at times good news if it is a direct reflection of the successful nature of the products. However, when the company is not able to fulfill demands in the market, it runs the risk of incurring losses and losing its customers to fellow competitors. This is especially problematic when dealing with a specific product that is on very high demand compared to the other products on sale.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This problem trickles back to the logistic department and manufacturing. The tight demand becomes difficult to fulfill as the plants are not able to respond adequately (Michael Burke talks The Louis Vuitton ‘Experience’ 2013, p. 10). Subsequently, there is curtailing of other products in the manufacturing line. This problem is also related to the company’s stores. Since most of the stores have a limited storage and shelf space, placing large orders for a specific product leads to the displacement of other products. Over the years, the cost of shipping has risen sharply. The rise in the cost of shipping has also been enhanced by out-of-stock problems. When the stocks levels are critically low at a particular store, the goods have to be transported to various locations as an emergency response. This increases the cost of shipping since airfreight charges are high compared to the traditional boat shipping that Louis Vuitton uses. The cost of storage has also risen s harply, because inventories tend to grow in specific retail outlets, exceeding the amount of storage space originally designated for a certain product. Recommendations In order to counter the extra cost incurred due to additional charges in the storage, various retail consultants recommend that Louis Vuitton stores should convert some of their existing storage space into additional shopping area. This will make better use of the available overall store space. This is an effective strategy as it is projected to allow for about 3% increase in sales, keep up with the demand and keep the store’s surface regularly stocked (Ghosh Varshney 2013, p. 20). When it comes to defining the further course of actions or the company, one must keep in mind, though, that the demand forecast, which a number of specialists suggest as the first logical step for the company to undertake, may trigger even more deplorable outcomes. Indeed, seeing how the company is suffering impressive challenges at present, making a mistake in the demand forecast and, therefore, coming up with the product design that the customers may consider pointless is lethal for Louis Vuitton. Hence, it would be much more reasonable to utilize the method of a sticker shock. The anticipation of the company’s opening new shops and introducing its new brand, which it has been working on over the past few years, will become even tenser and, therefore, attract even more customers (Radà ³n 2012, p. 107). Louis Vuitton can use the concept of exclusivity as the method of selling its new collection for a higher price (Radà ³n 2012, p. 108). It would be wrong to claim that the strategy described above is going to be a doubtless success for the company; quite on the contrary, such a decision as raising prices in order to stir the public’s excitement and, therefore, gain more weight in the customers’ eyes is extremely risky. However, the effects that the chosen method will have once it is succ essfully implemented are far too impressive to discard this strategy. Taking both external and internal factors into account, the company may succeed in getting its clients excited and ready to pay more. Counting the Losses and Choosing the Transportation Source Losses incurred due to sold-outs and unsold product deals a major blow to the company. Louis Vuitton does not organize any sales or price promotions geared to sell off any of its unsold articles. Sometimes, the staff at LVMH is offered the items at 70% below their list price (LVMH Moet Hennessy 2013, para. 1). On average, it is estimated that about 2% of all the fashion-related items produced by Louis Vuitton as short-cycled products are disposed of each year (Fashion Scoops 2013, p. 13). This portrays a negative image to the company that prides itself in manufacturing high-end and high quality products. It leads to waste of resources and leads to losses. It is also estimated that, typically, out of every 100 customers that intend to make purchases in any of the Louis Vuitton store, 8 of the individuals found the item they wanted was sold out. Out of these 8 individuals, 10 % ended up purchasing a different item from the store immediately. 20% of the disappointed individuals put off their purchases and came back at a later date. The rest either turned to other brands or settled for a totally different gift. Reference List Fashion Scoops 2013, WWD: Women’s Wear Daily, vol. 206, no. 38, pp. 6-1. Ghosh, A, Varshney, S 2013, Luxury goods consumption: a conceptual framework based on literature review. South Asian Journal of Management, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 146-159. Karen, D 2014, ‘New age of luxury at Louis Vuitton,’ Evening Standard, March 5, p. 3. Lichocik, G, Sadowski, A 2013, ‘Efficiency of supply chain management. Strategic and operational approach,’ Logforum, vol. 9 no. 2, pp. 119-125 LVMH Moet Hennessy 2013, LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton SA SWOT analysis, pp. 1â⠂¬â€œ8, https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/1816395/lvmh_moet_hennessy_louis_vuitton_se_mc. Michael Burke talks The Louis Vuitton ‘Experience’. (2013). WWD: Women’s Wear  Daily, vol. 205 no. 83, pp. 3-1. Moatti, P V Dussage, P 2007, Louis Vuitton: new product introductions vs. product availability, European School of Management, Paris, France. Radà ³n, A 2012, ‘Luxury brand exclusivity strategies – an illustration of a cultural collaboration,’ Journal of Business Administration Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 106–110. This report on Supply Chain Management in the Fashion Industry was written and submitted by user Dangelo Ryan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.